동료의 지연행동 및 직원의 지연행동과 직무성과의 비선형적 관계와 심리적 자본 및 시간관리의 조절효과
Curvilinear Effects of Coworker and Employee Procrastination on Employee Job Performance: Moderation by Psychological Capital and Time Management
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팀 중심의 업무조직과 협업 중요성의 증대 등의 이유로 직원의 업무성과에 대한 동료의 영향이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동료의 지연행동이 직원 업무성과에 미치는 비선형적 영향을 조사하고, 이러한 영향과정에서 직원 자신의 지연행동이 매개역할을 하며 매개가 발생하는 전후에 직원의 심리적 자본과 시간관리가 가지는 조절효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 중국 현지에서 근무 중인 중국인 직원 317명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 위계적 회귀분석을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 우선, 동료의 지연행동과 직원의 지연행동이 직원의 업무성과에 각각 U자형 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 동료와 직원의 지연행동이 증가하면서 업무성과가 감소하다가 지연행동이 어느 수준을 넘어서면서는 업무성과를 향상시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, 직원의 지연행동은 동료의 지연행동과 직원 업무성과의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 더하여, 직원의 지연행동과 동료의 지연행동 간 선형적 관계는 직원 심리적 자본의 수준이 증가하면서 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 직원의 지연행동과 업무성과 간 U자형 관계는 직원의 시간관리 능력에 따라 변화하였고, 시간관리를 더 잘하는 직원일수록 직원 지연행동-업무성과 관계는 더 뚜렷해지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 직원 간업무와 업무성과가 긴밀히 연결되어 있는 현대조직의 관리에 있어 이론적 및 실무적인 함의를 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
As team-based work structures are common and inter-employee collaboration has been emphasized in modern organizations, employees' job performance has been known to be affected considerably by coworkers. Acknowledging this, the present research investigated the curvilinear relationships between coworker/employee procrastination and employee job performance, which were moderated by employee psychological capital and time management. With a sample of 317 Chinese employees in a private manufacturing company at the mainland China, the study results revealed that, first, coworker procrastination and employee procrastination were found to, respectively, have curvilinear effects on employee job performance. As coworker or employee procrastination increased, employee job performance accordingly decreased and, at some point, started increased. In addition, employee procrastination was found to mediate the relationship between coworker procrastination and employee job performance. It was also revealed that the linear relationship between coworker and employee procrastination was strengthened by employee psychological capital and that the relationship between employee procrastination and job performance was weakened by employee time management. Study results provided theoretical and practical implications of how to manage procrastination issues in work organizations.
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