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식사 장애의 내과적 합병증

Medical Complications of Eating Disorders

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류정신과학

초록

식사 장애는 다양한 내과적인 합병증을 야기하는 정신과 질환이기 때문에, 정신과 의사로서 식사 장애 환자를 진료할 때 신체적 징후 및 증상, 내과적 합병증 그리고 그 치료 방법에 대해 충분히 이해하고 있는 것이 중요하다. 또한 내과 계열의 의사를 식사 장애 치료 팀의 일원으로 두기가 어려운 우리나라의 상황에서 내과 계열의 의사가 필요시 신속한 개입을 할 수 있도록 잘 구조화된 자문 의뢰 체계를 활성화시켜 놓을 필요성도 있을 것이다. 식사 장애의 중요한 신체적 징후와 합병증으로는 전해질 이상과, 대사성 알칼리증, 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축의 이상, 갑상선기능의 이상, 무월경, 심부정맥, 백혈구감소증, 다양한 식도 및 위장관 장애, 타액선 비대증, 골다공증과 발육저하, 손등의 굳은 살, 치아 사기질의 침식 등을 들 수 있다. 그러므로 식사 장애 환자들에게는 내과적 병력 조사와 완전한 이학적 검사, 그리고 기본적 임상 진단 검사가 실시하여야 하며, 병력과 징후에 기초하여 CT, MRI, 심초음파 검사, 각종 호르몬 검사 등의 진단 도구들도 선별적으로 실시함으로써 심각한 내과적 합병증을 초기에 진단하고 치료할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Eating disorders may be associated with various medical conditions. In caring patients with eating disorders, psychiatrists should understand the physical symptoms and signs, medical complications and treatment of acute metabolic derangement. Under the circumstances that it's not easy to have a physician as a member on the therapeutic team of eating disorders, psychiatrists need to facilitate a well structured route of consultation-liaison to a physician who is knowledgeable about eating disorders. Possible important physical signs and complications include electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, abnormal thyroid hormones, amenorrhea, cardiac arrhythmia, leukopenia, diverse esophageal and gastrointestinal problems, salivary gland hypertrophy, osteoporosis, callus, and dental enamel erosion etc. Therefore, routine assessment should include a medical history, a complete physical examination and basic laboratory tests. In addition, depending on a patient's medical history and the result of physical examination, some supplement tests such as CT, MRI, echocardiogram or various types of hormonal tests should also be considered.

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