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자기주도학습능력과 지식공유의 관계에 대한개인의 목표지향성과 조직 특성의 조절 효과

An Empirical Study on the Moderating Effect of Individual Goal Orientation and Organizational Characteristics on the Relationships between Self- directed Learning Ability and Knowledge Sharing

김문식
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2013.08|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제20권 제4호|pp. 249-271

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참고문헌

키워드

지식공유Knowledge Sharing조직지원인식Perceived Organizational Support자기주도학습능력행동통제Behavioral Control목표지향성Goal OrientationSelf-directed Learning Ability
주제분류경영학

초록

격변하는 환경 속에서 기업이 경쟁력을 유지할 수 있도록 해주는 전략적 자산이 지식이 다. 오늘날 기술의 라이프 사이클이 짧아지고 있어서 조직의 성공은 조직과 개인의 신속한 학습 역량에 달려 있다. 기업이 종업원을 학습시키기에는 자원의 제약과 급속한 기술의 발전으로 인하여 한계가 있으므로 구성원들이 개인 학습도 중요하지만 지식의 자발적 공유가 기업의 성공에 더 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구는 개인의 학습형태 중 자기주도학습에 초점을 맞추어 자기주도학습능력이 지식공유에 미치는 영향과 자기주도학습능력과 지식공유 간의 관계에 목표지향성과 조직특성이 조절 역할을 하는지를 실증적으로 조사하였다. 자기주도학습능력은 배을규와 김대영(2012)이 개발한 측정 도구, 조직지원인식은 조직이 종업원들의 기여와 행복에 얼마만큼 관심을 두고 있는지에 대한 신뢰를 의미하는 Eisenberger 등(1986)의 측정 도구, 행동통제는 Merchant(1982)와 Ouchi (1979)의 측정 도구, 성과목표지향성과 학습목표지향성은 Button 등(1996)이 개발한 측정 도구를 적용하였다. 지식공유 변수는 공유 빈도와 공유 노력의 두 가지로 구성하고 지식공유 빈도는 King과 Marks(2008)가 개발한 설문 항목, 지식공유 노력은 Srivastava 등(2006)이 개발한 설문 항목을 이용하였다. 자기주도학습능력이 지식공유에 직접적으로 (+)의 효과를 미치는지에 대한 가설 1의 검증을 위하여 지식공유노력을 종속변수로 하고 자기주도 학습능력을 독립 변수로 하는 회귀 분석을 수행한 결과 자기주도학습능력이 지식공유노력에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지식공유노력을 종속변수로 한 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 학습목표지향성은 지식공유노력에 (+)의 영향을 미치지만, 성과목표지향성은 지식공유노력에 (-)의 영향을 미치고 목표지향성의 조절 효과가 있는 것으로 검증이 되었다. 행동통제와 조직지원인식이 자기주도학습능력과 지식공유노력 간의 관계를 조절할 것이라는 가설 3의 검증을 위하여 지식공유노력을 종속변수로 한 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 조직지원인식과 행동통제 모두 지식공유에 (+)의 영향을 미치고 있고 조직지원 인식과 행동통제의 (+) 조절 효과도 있는 것으로 검증이 되었다. 행동통제는 지식공유 노력보다 지식공유 빈도에 미치는 영향이 크고 조직지원인식은 지식공유 빈도보다 지식공유 노력에 미치는 영향이 클 것이라는 가설 4는 채택이 되었다.

Abstract

A knowledge-based society, as we have today, requires the sharing of knowledge at all levels of society in order to function properly. In companies, knowledge sharing is essential because knowledge sharing is important in order to support the learning success. Environmental turbulence requires management to explore new knowledge and exploit existing knowledge rapidly. Because learning capabilities derive from not only organization, but employees in fast developing market and technology environment, self-directed learning is essential virtue to employees. The purpose of this study identifies the relationships between self-directed learning and knowledge sharing, with the moderating effect of goal orientation and organizational characteristics such as POS(perceived organizational support) and behavioral control. Goal orientation as personal characteristics is classified into learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation. organizational characteristics involve behavioral control and perceived organizational support. Knowledge sharing is measured as both effort and frequency. Our research data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 289 employees in Pohang Steel Complex. Major findings are as follows. First, self-directed learning ability influences positively knowledge sharing effort, while efforts is more than frequency. Second, learning goal orientation influences positively knowledge sharing effort, while performance goal orientation influences negatively knowledge sharing effort. The moderating effect of both goal orientation is statistically supported. Thid, behavioral control and perceived organizational support moderate the relations between self-directed learning ability and knowledge sharing effort while they influences positively knowledge sharing effort. Fourth, behavioral control influences frequency stronger than efforts of knowledge sharing, in contrast to perceived organizational support. These findings are significant to theory-building because the relationship between self-directed learning ability and knowledge sharing, as well as the implications for workplace learning, have been rarely analyzed in previous studies. When recruiting and allocating personnel to jobs requiring knowledge sharing mostly, top management should identify their goal orientation, especially learning goal orientation. Employees of excellent self-directed learning ability are not sufficient to superior organizational performance. They should be supported and motivated by behavioral control and perceived organizational support. The limitation of this study can be summed up as follows; first, insufficient accumulated research results make the measurement model unsophiscated. As self-directed learning ability was developed firstly in education research, it is difficult to apply to firm-specific environment. Second, the variables that are involved in our research model are only part of variables influencing self-directed learning ability and knowledge sharing. Future research is to be directed into involving more factors.

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