2세대 항정신병 약물의 대사증후군
Metabolic Syndrome of Second Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
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초록
SGAs는 FGAs에 비해 부작용 측면에서더 안전하였지만 대사 이상을 발생 시킬 수 있다는 제한점을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 대사증후군에는 체중증가, 당대사 이상, 이상지질혈증 등이 포함된다. 이러한 대사증후군은 세로토닌, 히스타민 수용체와 관련되어 나타난다는 보고가 있으며 그 외에도 무스카린 수용체 등도 관여하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한 각각의 약물들 간에 차이가 있었는데, olanzapine, clozapine의 경우 다른 SGAs에 비해 체중증가, 당 대사 이상 등이 더 흔하게 발생하였고, aripiprazole, ziprasi done의 경우에는 대사 이상 발생이 드물거나 없는 것으로 보고되고 있다. SGAs의 사용으로 대사증후군이 관찰될 경우에는 다양한 치료적 접근이 필요한데, 생활습관, 식습관, 운동에 대해 환자 및 보호자에게 교육하는 행동주의적 접근과 체중 조절에 도움을 줄 수 있는 다양한 약물(sibut-ramine, orlistat, topiramate 등)을 사용하는 약물학적인 접근이 포함된다. 하지만 무엇보다도 SGAs를 사용하는 정신과 환자들에 대한 주의 깊은 관찰, 검사를 통해 대사 이상 발생을 예측하고 예방하는 것이 중요하다. 본 고찰에서는 대사 이상에 중점을 두어 이전의 연구들을 검토하였으므로, 실제 임상에서의 약물 선택에 있어서는 대사 이상 외의 여러 가지 부작용, 즉 추체외로 증상, 내분비계 호르몬 변화, 항콜린성 부작용 등을 종합적으로 고려하는 것이 중요하다. 앞으로의 연구는 SGAs 사용으로 인한 대사 이상을 조절하는데 특이적인 치료 전략을 개발하고 대사 이상 부작용의 기전 및 그와 관련된 수용체의 규명에 대한 부가적인 연구가 이루어져할 것이다.
Abstract
This study reviewed metabolic effects of second generation antipsychotics(SGAs). SGAs generally have greater risks for develping metabolic syndrome, such as weight gain, abnormality in glucose and lipid metabolism. Olanzapine and clozapine have greatest risks in weight gain and glucose metabolism abnormality. Meanwhile, aripiprazole and ziprasidone have least risks in developing metabolic syndrome. Various therapeutic approaches to reduce SGAs related metabolic syndrome were suggested. They are behavioral therapies and weight reduction medications, such as sibutramine, orlistat and topiramate. Careful monitoring of serum glucose, cholesterol level and weight gain are the most important things to prevent SGAs related metabolic syndrome. Future studies for developing SGAs related metabolic syndrome speicific therapeutic strategies and finding mechanisms of SGAs related metabolic abnormalies are needed.
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