곁텍스트의 경계: 쿠루마(Ahmadou Kourouma) 소설의 제목 연구

Abstract

This study aims to explore the function and role of the titles and intertitles of Kourouma's four novels : Les Soleils des indépendances, Monnè, outrages et défis, En attendant les votes des bêtes sauvages, Allah n'est pas obligé. For this it is necessary to note first that Gérard Genette is placing the title in the category of paratext. According to Genette, literary text is rarely presented in an unadorned state, unreinforced and unaccompanied by a certain number of verbal or other productions, such as an author's name, a title, a preface, illustrations, which are called 'paratext'. The paratext in all its forms is a discourse that is fundamentally heteronomous, auxiliary, and dedicated to the service of something other than itself that constitutes its raison d'être. This something is the text. But the fonctions of Kourouma's paratext that we are studying outperform those of the general paratext that Genette refers to. Kourouma's titles are provocative, vague, and misleading. Especially the title of Monnè, outrages et défis is beyond the readers' comprehension. Kourouma's intertitles cause tension in the reader and require careful reading. Sometimes, they give rhythm to the text. For exemple, the intertitles of En attendant des bêtes sauvages are made up of three proverbs and by their repeat, the text is animated and retains a bond between the narrator and the audience. Kourouma's paratext is fundamentally different from that of other writers. His paratext extends beyond the character of the general paratext. It has its own discourse and the ability to move and control the main text rather than the supplementary role of the latter. Reflections of Kuruma's paratext will show how strategically he used the title in his novels, and through our work, we can think about the nature of the paratext Genette proposes, and its boundaries once again.