The Nostalgic Sojourner, the Devout Pilgrim, and the Avaricious Soldier: Intertextuality between The Odyssey, Inferno, and Lost Illusions
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This paper examines the intertextual lineage between Homer’s Odyssey, Dante’s Inferno, and Balzac’s Lost Illusions by tracing the evolution of the epic traveler and the guide figure across these three canonical works. Through close readings of Odysseus, Dante, and Lucien, the study reveals how each protagonist embodies the dominant value system of his time—heroic kleos, Christian humility, and modern avarice, respectively. The transformation of the guide figure—from Athena and Virgil to Lousteau and Vautrin— further illustrates the shift from divine protection to manipulative control. Ultimately, the paper argues that Lucien is the final, corrupted incarnation of the epic traveler, no longer seeking salvation or return, but striving to conquer the inferno of modern capitalism. In this intertextual genealogy, Odysseus becomes Dante, and Dante becomes Lucien, revealing how each age reimagines the epic journey to confront its own spiritual and material crises.
Abstract
This paper examines the intertextual lineage between Homer’s Odyssey, Dante’s Inferno, and Balzac’s Lost Illusions by tracing the evolution of the epic traveler and the guide figure across these three canonical works. Through close readings of Odysseus, Dante, and Lucien, the study reveals how each protagonist embodies the dominant value system of his time—heroic kleos, Christian humility, and modern avarice, respectively. The transformation of the guide figure—from Athena and Virgil to Lousteau and Vautrin— further illustrates the shift from divine protection to manipulative control. Ultimately, the paper argues that Lucien is the final, corrupted incarnation of the epic traveler, no longer seeking salvation or return, but striving to conquer the inferno of modern capitalism. In this intertextual genealogy, Odysseus becomes Dante, and Dante becomes Lucien, revealing how each age reimagines the epic journey to confront its own spiritual and material crises.