禪과 書藝의 상관성 연구

Abstract

Calligraphy is an art which has established much organic connection with many kinds of philosophies and thoughts. The correlation with Buddhism has been made mutually in the process of recording the contents of sutras or Buddhist's achievements, etc, through the copying of sutras, documents about the origin of statues, the epigraph for Zen priests, documents in the sarira casket, and documents carved on the sarira casket. Since then, calligraphy became a means of religious austerities. Especially Prajna-samadhi(般若三昧) which is called in the Zen sect has applied to the mental absorption in the calligraphy. For writing the characters, if we make the mind empty and handle the brush with the energy from the original place of mind, we can fall into the world of incorporation of objects and ego and can reach in a frame of mind void of all ideas and thoughts. And in that state we can finally make the best work. This is the very same reason as to enter into the perfect state of spiritual concentration in Zen. We can also call it the absorption in the calligraphy. In the incorporated state of objects and ego, in the perfect state of spiritual concentration on the calligraphy and on the copying of sutras, to write with a stroke of the brush or to kneel down and bow three times after writing a character is the same as to move the state of freedom from all ideas and thoughts into the paper. The result in the paper will reach the best state of writer's art and will reveal the lively motion of the spirits in himself. And the product will receive much recognition of a masterpiece. The perfect state of spiritual concentration on the calligraphy became one soundlessly with the absorption in Zen. I think this is the necessary choice for art and the fruit of the great wisdom from writer. Calligraphy has been approached on a side view of religious austerities and the copying the sutras was regarded as a kind of Buddhist's Mass, and building of temple was considered as a great contribution for Buddha, as well. So people thought that the calligraphy was the direct expression for the nature of Buddha. They made strokes in writing characters comparing the calligraphy to practice of Zen meditation and then to the sudden enlightenment. Therefore, In this thesis, I tried to survey the relation between Buddhism and calligraphy, the correlation between Zen and calligraphy, and the paradoxical relation between Zen and calligraphy. I examined the thoughts of Zen in the arguments for the calligraphy and the calligraphers who wrote the calligraphy about Zen.