한국교육혁신론(韓國敎育革新論) – 도덕교육을 중심으로 –

Abstract

The personality education is the most crucial problem of education in Korea today. Korea is the birth place of human civilization in the northeast Asia. Around 9,000 years ago Hanguk (Hwanguk) was established as a first form of state and founder was the Heavenly Emperor Hanin. He presented "Five Lessons of Hanin" and the third one was the obey and act of filial piety to one's parents. Rest of the lessons are fundamentally emphasizing the thought of benevolence. The founder of Baidalguk Heavenly Emperor Hanung inherited and developed the tradition with "Six Lessons of Hanung". Dangun Wanggeom who established Old Joseon also proclaimed the "Eight Morals of Dangun" to inherit the tradition. At the inaguration day, Dangun made his people to pledge to follow this morals and made them to pursuit as a lifetime educational goal. They are considered as the Three Holy Founders. Confucius of Spring and Autumn period fundamentally inherited the thought of filial piety and benevolence of them. Confucius established the Confucianism through six books of Confucianism. The study of benevolence and filial piety of Confucius is Korean Studies. The study of Confucius' benevolence and filial piety was introduced to Korea during the second reign year of King Sosurim of Goguryeo of the Three Kingdoms Period. Baikje and Shilla shared same elements although some details are diverse and made them as a fundation for the personality education. At the national university of Goryeo, Gukjagam and Seonggyungwan of Joseon also emphasized the education of filial piety of Confucius as the element of personality education until the late Joseon period. In addition, personality education through education of filial piety was absolute value of the Seowon, Sadang and Hyanggyo. A world hero Sejong the Great ordered to publish the Diagram of Three Bonds to set up the moral and Korean identity. He ruled and educated people by emphasizing the filial piety, patriotism and passion as the backbone of Korean identity and the essence of the personality education. With people's supports, Jungjong ordered to publish the Diagram of Two Relationships of Confucianism to emphasize the moral. Jeongjo also ordered to publish the Diagram of Five Relationships of Confucianism as a backbone of politics and education. Today the elements of education is missing and selfishness prevails because of the adoption of the western thoughts without criticism. Pursuing personal gains without considering public good caused the collapse of collective values and moral culture. As a result, moral values are contaminated and crime rates are high as well as the rate of divorce and low birth and the suicide rate of the single elderly people worldwide. Facing the era of crisis in education, it is difficult to overcome the crisis of contemporary education through formal education in school. Although the Act of Encouraging and Supporting Filial Piety of 2007 and the Personality Education Promotion Law of July 21, 2015 2were passed, the circles of education have not been reacted. This is why it is difficult to rely on the formal education institutions including the schools. It is urgent to start the personality education for parents. The personality education for teachers is needed, too. At the same time, school must teach personality education program for the students. Emphasizing again, local communities and grand-parents-children education in town schools are important. Also the educations in daycare, kindergarten, child care, contemporary Seodang, Seowon, etc. collectively cooperate to create the education collective culture. Adults must cooperate and local governments must support. Welfare policy also needs to change. Well-known scholars of the world note that the Korea's values of the respect for elderly, filial piety and collectivism as well as the Three Bonds and Five Relationships of Confucianism need to re-emphasized. I emphasize again that the education determines the future of the country. That is why the innovation in education must take place.