斯文亂賊 論難과 四書의 再解釋 ― 朴世堂의 『思辨錄』과 金昌協의 批判을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This paper aims at comparing and reviewing Pak Se-dang’s Sabyeon-nok (Thoughtful Elucidations) and Kim Chang-hyeop’s point of view that criticized it, focusing on their interpretations on Four Books. I examined Pak’s critical mind on Zhu Xi’s philosophy and his alternative ideas, and threw light on the viewpoint of Noron (Patriarch’s faction) of Seoin (Westerner) including Kim Cahang-hyeop that raised a question to Pak. The points at issue in this paper are three. The first one is the basic position that Pak criticized Zhu Xi’s philosophy in reviewing Four Books. Pak criticized the tendency of Zhu Xi’s philosophy giving weight to metaphysics and proposed the practical method of learning that is studying from below and getting through to what is up above. However, Kim censured that Pak didn’t understand Zhu Xi’s explanation. Next two points are the problems of understandings about ‘nature (性) and li (理) are the same’(性卽理) and ‘investigating things and extending knowledge’ (格物致知), which were the points at issue that Kim gave attention to in Pak’s criticism on Zhu Xi’s philosophy. Pak distinguished nature from li considering nature as ‘li in gi (氣)’, and expounded that investigation (格) included the meaning of correction (正). Moreover, he prescribed that the moral nature is a kind of virtue obtained by practice, and explained that goodness and badness were distinguished by an ethical judgment or action in the phenomenal world. Kim criticized that it was not only Pak’s misunderstanding of Zhu Xi’s philosophy but also an injury to Zhu Xi.