비언어적 요소 전사에 대한 고찰 — 대화분석적 관점을 중심으로
A Study of Multimodal Transcription-A Conversation-Analytic Perspective
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초록
구어 자료에서 비언어적 요소는 언어적 요소 못지않게 중요한 역할을 하고 있음에도 불구하고 대화분석에서 비언어적 요소 전사에 대한 연구는 아직 초기 단계이다. 이 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 기초로 대화분석 분야에서 비언어적 요소가 어떠한 방식으로 전사되고 있는지 전사 유형을 살펴보고 대화분석에 적합한 비언어적 요소 특징을 전사하는 방안을 고찰하여 제시하고자 한다. 대화분석 분야에서 비언어적 요소와 관련된 연구를 수행한 100편의 논문을 중심으로 비언어적 요소들이 어떠한 방식으로 전사되고 있는지 살펴본 결과 비언어적 요소들은 삽화 형식, 도표 형식, 악보 형식, 극본 형식 등 다양한 방식으로 전사되며 이 중 극본 형식이 압도적으로 많이 사용된다. 비언어적 요소들의 특징인 다양성, 공간성, 시간성, 상호작용은 전사본에 혼합 방식, 문자 형식, 이미지, 또는 전사 기호를 사용하여 나타낼 수 있다. 비언어적 요소들의 다양성과 공간성은 전사본에 비교적 충실하게 반영되고 있는 반면 시간성과 상호작용은 전사본에 제대로 반영되지 않은 경우가 상당수이다. 따라서 대화분석에 적합한 전사본을 구축하기 위해서는 비언어적 요소의 다양성, 공간적인 특징뿐만 아니라 비언어적 요소의 시간적인 특징과 상호작용적인 특징과 관련된 미시적 세부사항들을 가능한 한 세밀하고 정확하게 반영하는 것이 매우 중요하다.
Abstract
Transcribing nonverbal elements of conversation has long proven to be a problem for researchers. There have been many transcription systems developed in various analytical frameworks to aid in the analysis of embodied action. Despite these attempts to develop an orthography, no system provides a generally accepted procedure for transcribing the visible features of participants’actions and activities. Indeed, different methodological commitments place very different demands on both the content and the structure of the transcription. This study uses an overview of transcription systems to show the theoretical and practical problems inherent in attempting to transcribe nonverbal behavior. This study also provides some methodological procedures for transcribing visual conduct from a conversation analytic perspective. This can provide insight into the occasioned, emergent, concerted, and interactional character of non-verbal action and interaction.
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