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미성숙한 암컷 흰쥐 시상하부의 신경회로에 미치는 Genistein의 직접 작용 : 에스트로겐 수용체 베타아형 경로?

Direct Action of Genistein on the Hypothalamic Neuronal Circuits in Prepubertal Female Rats : Estrogen Receptor Beta(ERβ) Pathway?

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주제분류생물학

초록

콩이나 적포도주의 식물성 에스트로겐(phytoestrogen)은 건강에 부정적이기보다는 긍정적인 효과를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 특히 콩류 섭취는 유방암이나 골다공증, 그리고 심혈관계 질환 예방과 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 콩류, 특히 그 주성분인 genistein(GS)이 상기한 긍정적인 효과 외에도 여성의 생식계에 잠재적으로 부정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성에 대한 의문이 계속되어왔다. 선행 연구에서 본 연구자들은 사춘기 전에 genistein(GS)을 경구 투여했을 때 암컷 흰쥐의 생식계가 활성화되어 사춘기 개시가 조기에 유도되고, 암컷 성체에 GS를 뇌실내로 미세주입했을 때 kisspeptin-GnRH 뉴런회로 활성화가 일어남을 관찰하였다. 본 연구에서는 사춘기 전 암컷 흰쥐에서 의 시상하부 특이적인 GS 투여 효과와 이에 관여하는 에스트로겐 수용체 아형(ERα과 ERβ)을 조사하였다. 사춘기 전 암컷 흰쥐(SD strain, PND 30)를 마취시킨 후 GS(3.4 ㎍/animal)를 1회 뇌실내로 미세 주입하고, 2시간 후 희생시켰다. 시상하부내 생식조절 유전자 발현을 조사하기 위해, RNA를 추출한 후 semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)을 시행하였다. GS 투여는 KiSS-1 유전자 발현의 상위조절자인 mTOR(1:0.361±0.058 AU, p<0.001) 발현을 유의하게 감소시켰고, GnRH 분비의 상위조절자인 GAD67(1:1.285±0.099 AU, p<0.05) 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰다. GS 투여는 KiSS-1(1:1.458±0.078 AU, p<0.001) mRNA 수준을 유의하게 증가시켰지만, kisspeptin 수용체인 GPR-54 (1:1.29±0.08 AU) mRNA 수준은 변화가 없었고, GnRH(1:0.379±0.196 AU, p<0.05)의 경우는 유의하게 감소시켰다. GS 투여군에서 ERα(1:1.180±0.390 AU) 발현은 대조군 대비 차이가 없었지만, ERβ(1:4.209±0.796 AU, p<0.01) 발현은 유의하게 증가했다. 본 연구결과는 사춘기 전 암컷 흰쥐에서 GS의 단기 노출이 시상하부의 GnRH 조절시스템을 직접 변화시킴을 보여준 것으로, 이러한 GS의 시상하부 특이적 효과에 ERβ 경로가 관여함을 강력히 시사한다. 이는 잘 알려진 ERβ 경로를 매개로 하는 GS의 유방암 억제 효과와 일치한다.

Abstract

Some phytoestrogens in soy and red wine, for example, might have beneficiary rather than adverse effects. In particular, dietary soy intake seems to be highly correlated with protection of breast cancer, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders. However, questions persist on the potential adverse effects of the main soy constituent genistein (GS) on female reproductive physiology. Previously we found that prepubertal exposure to GS could activate the reproductive system of immature female rats leading to precocious puberty onset, and intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected GS could directly activate hypothalamic kisspeptin-GnRH neuronal circuits in adult female rats. The present study was performed to examine the hypothalamus-specific GS effects in prepubertal female rats and which subtype of estrogen receptor is mediated in this GS effect. Prepubertal female rats (PND 30) were anaesthetized, treated with single dose of GS (3.4 ㎍/animal), and sacrificed at 2 hrs post-injection. To determine the transcriptional changes of reproductive hormone-related genes in hypothalamus, total RNAs were extracted and applied to the semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ICV infusion of GS significantly lowered the transcriptional activities of mTOR (1:0.361±0.058 AU, p<0.001) but increased that of GAD67 (1:1.285±0.099 AU, p<0.05), which are known to act as an upstream modulator of kisspeptin and GnRH neuronal activities in the hypothalamus, respectively. GS administration enhanced significantly the mRNA levels of KiSS-1(1:1.458±0.078 AU, p<0.001), and exerted no effect on the mRNA level of kisspeptin receptor GPR-54 (1:1.29±0.08 AU). GnRH gene expression was significantly decreased in GS-treated group compared to control group (1:0.379±0.196 AU, p<0.05). There was no difference in the mRNA level of ERα in the GS-treated group compare to control group (1:1.180±0.390 AU, Fig. 3A). However, icv infusion of GS significantly increased the transcriptional activities of ERβ(1:4.209±0.796 AU, p<0.01, Fig. 3B). Taken together, the present study indicated that the acute exposure to GS could directly alter the hypothalamic GnRH modulating system in prepubertal female rats. Our study strongly suggested the involvement of ERβ pathway in GS's hypothalamus-specific action, and this idea is consistent with the GS's well-known ERβ-mediated protective action in breast cancer.

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