사회·심리적 스트레스가 회복환경지각을 매개로 정신적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 - 숲 방문 동기가 ‘코로나-19’인 이용자를 중심으로 -
The Effect of Socio-psychological Stress on Mental Well-being Mediated by Perceived Restorativeness – Focusing on Visitors whose Motive for Visiting the Forest is ‘COVID-19’ –
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초록
코로나-19로 인하여 전 세계 방역체계에 비상이 걸렸다. 코로나-19로 우리 국민들은 모임·외식·여행 등을 연기하거나 취소하고, 외출 자제, 사회적거리두기, 마스크 착용 등 정부의 국민행동지침 상황에서, 숲에 가는 이용객들은 늘어나고 있다. 그 이유는 무엇일까? 본 연구는 코로나-19로 인한 사회·심리적 스트레스와 정신적 웰빙 간의관계를, 숲이라는 회복환경지각이 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지, 2020년 5월~7월까지 관악산·북한산·유명산 방문자중, 숲에 온 이유가 코로나-19라고 응답한 총 552명의 설문을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 Pearson 상관분석결과, 사회· 심리적 스트레스는 회복환경지각과 정신적 웰빙에 부의상관이 있으며, 회복환경지각은 정신적 웰빙과 정의상관관계로 나타났다. 이는 숲이라는 회복환경지각이 높을수록 정신적 웰빙이 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 매개효과 검증 1단계는 독립변수인 사회·심리적 스트레스가 매개변수인 회복환경지각을 부적으로 유의미하게 설명하였으며, 2단계 독립변수인 사회·심리적 스트레스가 종속변수인 정신적 웰빙을 유의미하게 설명하였으며, 마지막3단계에서는 사회·심리적 스트레스와 회복환경지각이 정신적 웰빙을 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 여기서 2단계의 표준화 회귀계수의 크기가 3단계로 넘어갈 때 -.48에서 -.44로 영향력이 작아졌으나, 이렇게 작아진회귀계수가 여전히 유의미하므로 회복환경지각은 사회·심리적 스트레스와 정신적 웰빙 간의 관계를 부분매개함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 코로나-19로 스트레스가 높은 국민들에게 생활 속 거리두기와 건강증진을 위한 휴식처로서 숲을 활용하는 기초자료가 될 것이라 본다.
Abstract
COVID-19’s has caused an outbreak in the world’s disease control system. With the COVID-19, Korean people postpone or cancel meetings, eating out, and traveling, in the situation of the government’s COVID-19 guidelines for national behavior, such as refraining from going out, keeping social distances, and wearing masks, forest visitors are increasing. What is the reason? This study was conducted to examine how the relationship between the Socio-psychological stress caused by COVID-19 and Mental well-being affected by the Perceived restorativeness of the forest. Among the visitors to the forest of Gwanaksan(Mt.), Bukhansan(Mt.) and Yumyeongsan(Mt.) from May to July 2020, a survey of 552 respondents who answered that their visiting reason was COVID-19 were analyzed. As a result of Pearson’s correlation analysis of this study, Socio-psychological stress has negative correlation with Perceived restorativeness and Mental well-being, and Perceived restorativeness has a positive correlation with Mental well-being. These show that the higher the Perceived restorativeness is, which is a forest, the higher the Mental well-being is. In addition, the first stage of the verification of the mediation effect meaningfully explained the Perceived restorativeness where the independent variable, Socio-psychological stress was a parameter, and the second stage of the independent variable, the Socio-psychological stress, was meaningfully explained the Mental well-being, the dependent variable. In the last third stage, Socio-psychological stress and Perceived restorativeness were found to significantly explain Mental well-being. Here, even the size of the standardized regression coefficient decreases from -.48 to -.44 when in stage 2 goes to in stage 3, this means the influence decreases but the regression coefficient is still significant, so the Perceived restorativeness seems to mediate partially the relationship between Socio-psychological stress and Mental well-being. These results are expected to serve as basic data for using the forest as a resting place for health promotion and distance in life for people who are highly stressed by COVID-19.
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