치고(稚児) 문화의 수용과 변용 -기온마쓰리(祇園祭)를 중심으로-

Abstract

The Gion Festival is one of three Japanese festivals. The festival was developed alongside the Goryo faith in the Heian period, and it received its current name during the Meiji era. In its earliest form, the Gion Festival featured the Goryo being placed on a shrine and sent out to sea. Or they did a festival at Shinsenen. During this period, there was a change in the Mikoshidogyo and Yamahokozyunko, and entertainment also increased. In this era, it was common for aristocrats to dedicate "Umaosawarawa.” However, in the latter part of Muromachi, "Umaosawarawa" disappeared, and "Yamahoko Chigo" appeared instead. "Mikoshidogyo" was the center of the Gion festival until the 14th century when "Yamahokozyunko" gained prominence. The "Machisyu" in Kyoto festively decorated the "Yamahoko" and increased its scale., leading to "Yamahoko Chigo,” which is now the center of the festival. However, the origin of "Naginatahoko Chigo” is unclear. It may have been established under various influences such as "Umaosawarawa,” "Kusemaikuruma Chigo,” and "Kakko dance” but especially has influences of medieval "Dozi faith.” In addition, it is necessary to think about the influence of the "Kakko dance" of Chigo depicted in the medieval "Noh.”