영미 체포‧구속제도의 특징과 그 비교법적 함의
The Characteristics of the Arrest Systems of the United Kingdom and the United States and Their Implications for the Korean Arrest and Detention Systems
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Abstract
The British arrest system is governed by the 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act and its Codes of Practice. The American arrest system is ruled by the Amendment IV of the U.S. Constitution and relevant Supreme Court’s decisions. In both systems, a warrant is not strictly required for arrest. The American system also provides pretrial detention for serious felonies although its constitutionality is on hot debate. It also allows prosecutors and suspects to appeal to magistrate’s decision of release or detention. In this context, both systems are more favorable to the law enforcement authority than their Korean counterpart. However, it is necessary to note that the main purpose of arrest in U.K and U.S. is not to investigate suspects but to secure them for trial. Although the British and American law enforcement authorities enjoy wider discretion when arresting suspects than their Korean counterpart, both British and American criminal justice systems provide duty solicitors or public defenders for indigent suspects and far more chance for bail for all suspects including serious criminals. Therefore, we cannot agree with the law enforcement authorities’s attempts to import the Anglo-American arrest system without its institutional surroundings.
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