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세계 항공 유동공간의 연계 구조

The Structure of Connectivity in the Space of World Airline Flows

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본 논문의 목적은 2008년도 80개 공항간의 항공여객과 73개 도시간의 화물운송에 대한 OD 자료를 분석함으로써 세계도시체계의 계층적인 연계 구조를 밝히는 것이다. 항공여객운송과 화물운송의 흐름에서 발견되는 공통점은 아시아지역 도시들의 상승 추세와 유럽 도시들의 지속세, 북미 도시들의 하락세로 정리된다. 이는 아시아 도시들이 세계경제에서 생산거점이 되고 유럽과 북미 선진국 도시간에 밀접한 서비스네트워크가 형성됨을 시사한다. GNI 지수 분석 결과 여객운송에 있어 노선망에서 우월한 유럽의 도시들이 상대적으로 높은 순위를 보여 중요한 허브공항의 역할을 하고 있는 반면, 화물운송에서는 제조업이 발달한 동아시아 도시들의 순위가 높으며 말레이시아, 인도, 중앙아시아의 거점 도시들이 뚜렷한 결절지가 되고 있다. 여객운송과 화물운송의 연결구조를 보면 여객운송은 허브 앤 스포크 형태의 지역적인 유동 패턴이 현저한 반면 항공화물 운송에서는 세계적인 규모에서 대륙을 가로지르는 포인트 투 포인트 패턴이 우세하다. 파리, 두바이, 싱가포르, 도쿄, 마드리드, 뉴욕, 베이징, 상하이, 인천, 비엔나, 뮌헨, 델리, 모스코바, 오클랜드 등이 항공유동망의 주요 결절지로 나타났고, 인천은 여객운송에서 10위, 화물운송에서 2위로 비교적 높은 결절성을 나타냈다.

Abstract

This study attempts to clarify hierarchical structure of connectivity in the space of world airline flows within world urban system by examining OD matrix among both 80 airports in air passenger flows and 73 cities in air cargo flows in the year of 2008. The ranks of Asian cities have taken upward and those of European cities have kept their strong positions, while American cities have declined in their ranks since the 1990s, which means significant role of Asian cities as major production sites in global production chains as well as strong development of producer service networks in the advanced economy of Europe and North America. Global Network Index(GNI) shows that European cities play significant roles as intra-continental hubs in air passenger flows. In contrast, East Asian cities and cities in Malaysia, India and central Asia, where are developing strong manufacturing sector, become important nodal points in air cargo flows. The air passenger network shows strong hub-and-spoke regionalized pattern while air cargo network reveals less regionalized inter-continental point-to-point pattern worldwide. Such cities as Paris, Dubai, Singapore, Tokyo, Madrid, New York, Beijing, Shanghai, Incheon, Vienna, Munich, Delhi, Moscow, and Auckland become major nodal points in the space of airline flows. Incheon shows relatively high nodality by taking 2nd rank in air cargo flows and 10th rank in air passenger flows in 2008.

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