NPP-VIIRS 야간 위성영상과 국지적 공간 통계를 이용한 시가지 추출 가능성 평가
Evaluating Methods for Extracting Built-up Area Using NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data and Local Spatial Statistics
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초록
시가지 확산은 도시화나 토지이용변화의 측면에서 지리학 등 학문적인 연구 대상일 뿐만 아니라 도시 계획 및 관리를 위해서도 기본적인 관심사가 된다. 이 연구는 시가지를 파악하기 위한 방법으로 최근 주목 받고 있는 야간 위성영상의 적용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하는데, 특히 한국에서는 거의 활용되지 않은 NPP-VIIRS 데이터에 대한 국지적 공간 통계 분석의 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 우리나라 중부지방을 대상으로 NPP-VIIRS 데이터와 국지적 공간연관성통계량(Getis and Ord’s Gi*, local Moran’s I, and Lee’s Si*)을 통해 시가지를 추출한 후, 이를 참조 데이터와 비교 검토하였다. 실제 시가지보다 과장될 수 있는 야간 조명의 특성을 고려하여 야간 밝기 값을 그대로 사용하는 경우와 제곱을 통해 값 간의 편차를 더 크게 한 경우를 분석하였다. 추출된 시가지의 전체 면적 및 위치 일치도를 파악한 결과 원래 값 보다는 제곱을 한 경우, 그리고 국지적 공간연관성통계량 중에는 Getis and Ord’s Gi*의 결과가 참조 데이터들과 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 지역에 따라 면적이나 위치 일치도 등이 차이를 보였는데, 수도권과 같이 도시화 수준이 높은 지역은 원 변수를 제곱한 경우가 더 나은 결과를 나타낸 반면, 지방의 경우는 원 변수를 사용하는 것이 더 나은 결과를 보였다. 하위지역을 별도로 분석한 결과에서는 도시화의 수준이 높은 지역에서 더 나은 결과를 보였지만 더 적합한 변수는 전체 지역을 분석한 결과와는 반대로 나타났다.
Abstract
Built-up area expansion has long been interested in the aspects of urbanization and land use change not only by academic studies on geography, but also by planners to make proper policies. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data on built-up area extraction. Spatial statistical methods-local spatial association statistics (local SAS) (Getis and Ord’s Gi*, Moran’s Ii, and Lee’s Si*) were applied to extract built-up area with NPP-VIIRS images. Central Korea including capital region, Gangwon, Chungnam (including Daejeon and Sejong) and Chungbuk was taken as the study area. Results of raw value and square value of nighttime light value(digital number) were both considered and the results and accuracies were evaluated with the reference data. The results show that: 1) in general, results of square value are more consistent with the reference data than those of raw value for both area comparison and classification accuracy in central Korea, especially for Gi*; 2) for central Korea analysis, results of highly urbanized regions show a higher accuracy than those less urbanized in general, while the square value results of highly urbanized regions have higher accuracies, and raw value results are more accurate for regions with low urbanization level; 3) for subregional analysis, highly urbanized regions also have a higher accuracy, but contrary to the results of central Korea, raw value results have a higher accuracy in highly urbanized region, while square values perform better in less urbanized region for the urban extraction.
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