도시 건조 환경이 노인 통행에 미치는 영향: 수도권을 사례로
The Impacts of Urban Built Environments on Travel Behavior of the Elderly: The Case of Seoul Metropolitan Area
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초록
급격한 고령화를 겪고 있는 한국은 노인과 관련된 다양한 사회 문제들을 경험하고 있다. 지리학과 도시계획학 분야에서는 노인의 사회적 고립을 극복하기 위한 노인의 이동성 확보를 강조해왔고, 대중교통 지향 개발이 추구하는 고밀의 도시 건조 환경이 노인의 이동성을 촉진할 수 있다고 주장해왔다. 이러한 주장을 토대로 이 연구는대중교통체계가 잘 발달되어 있고 토지이용이 고밀도로 이뤄진 수도권에서 도시 건조 환경이 노인의 통행확률과거리에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2010년 수도권 가구통행실태조사를 이용하여 Heckman 2단계 표본 선택 모형을 통해 통행확률과 통행거리를 결정하는 요인들을 분석한 결과, 고밀의 도시 건조 환경은 전체 집단의 통행 확률을 증가시키고 통행거리를 단축시키는 효과를 보이나 노인의 통행에는 도시 건조 환경의 영향이 상쇄되는 경향을보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구는 노인의 활발한 통행과 대중교통 이용 촉진을 위해 보행환경 개선과 대중교통 이용환경 및 편의성 증진을 제안한다.
Abstract
Korea, becoming an aged society, faces various social problems associated with the elderly. Scholars in geography and urban planning have emphasized the mobility of the elderly as means to overcome their social isolation and have argued that dense urban built environments that transit-oriented development pursues are more likely to improve their mobility. Based on this rationale, this study aims to examine determinants of the built environments on travel probability and distance of the elderly in the Seoul Metropolitan Area where the public transit system is well developed and land use is mixed. Using the 2010 Household Travel Survey in Seoul Metropolitan Area, therefore, we analyzed determinants of travel probability and distance via the Heckman two-step sample selection model. As a result, while a dense urban built environment raises travel probability and reduces travel distance of the entire group, the effects of the built environment tend to offset the travel probability and distance of the elderly. From these results, this study suggests improving a safe pedestrian environment and convenient public transit system in order for the elderly to travel actively and promote travel using public transit.
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