케이블 텔레비전의 세계-지방 네트워크와 장소의 탈지방화
The Global-Local Networks of Cable TV and the Delocalisation of Places
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케이블 텔레비전은 원심적, 탈집중적, 다원적인 네트워크를 통해 지방주의에 기반한 지방 매체라는 이미지를 갖고 있다. 이 논문은 한국의 사례를 분석하여, 케이블 텔레비전은 구심적, 집중적, 위계적인 다중적 네트워크를 통해 지방적 장소를 탈지방화, 탈영토화, 탈맥락화시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여줌으로써, 케이블 텔레비전의 유토피아적, 이데올로기적 이미지를 비판한다. 본 논문은 케이블 텔레비전의 다중적 네트워크를 세가지 종류로 구분하고, 각각을 지방적, 국가적 그리고 세계적 수준으로 범주화 시킨다. 먼저, ‘기술-공간 네트워크’는 정부에 의한 제도적 변화와 위성 및 케이블 네트워크 기술에 의해 형성되며, 케이블 흐름의 동시화를 야기한다. ‘조직-공간 네트워크’는 수도/권 과 나머지 도시/지역에 있는 미디어 행위자 간의 거래적 및 조직적 관계에 의해 형성되며, 이것은 그들 간의 권력 네트워크를 형성한다. 마지막으로, ‘문화-공간 네트워크’는 프로그램의 흐름에 의해서 형성되며, 문화적 세계화로 이어진다. 케이블 텔레비전의 이와 같은 다중적 네트워크에 대한 분석을 통해, 본 논문은 케이블 텔레비전은 지방 매체이라기보다는 차라리 세계-지방 매체이며, 이를 통해 평범한 도시들이 세계-지방 네트워크에 연결된다는 것을 강조한다.
Abstract
Cable TV has had its image as a local media based on localism through its centrifugal, decentralised and heterarchical networks. Through investigating the case of Korea, this paper challenges such a utopian and ideological image of cable TV by showing that cable TV can make local places delocalised, deterritorialised and decontextualised through its multiple networks which are centripetal, centralised and hierarchical. I divided the multiple networks of cable TV into three kinds of networks, each being spatially categorised into local, national and global levels: techno-spatial, organisational-spatial, and cultural-spatial networks. The ?techno-spatial networks? are constructed by the institutional shift by the government, and by technologies such as satellite or cable networks, resulting in the synchronisation of cable flows. The ?organisational-spatial networks? are formed through the transactional and organisational relations between media actors in the capital city/region and the other cities/regions, producing power networks between them. Finally, the ?cultural-spatial networks? are made through programme flows, leading to cultural globalisation. Through exploring these multiple networks of cable TV, I argue that cable TV is not a local media but rather a global-local media through which ordinary cities are connected to global-local networks.
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