기술기반 벤처의 해외에서의 동적역량 축적: 한국 게임회사의 일본진출을 중심으로
Dynamic Capability Building of Technology-Based Ventures in the International Context : the Case of Korean Game Companies in Japan
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기술기반 벤처가 해외진출을 할 때, 특히 빠른 국제화를 추진할 때는 현지시장에서 성공하기 위해 필요한 자원이나 역량이 부족한 경우가 많다. 그러므로 이들의 해외자회사에게는 자원을 확보하고 역량을 갖추는 것이 가장 우선적인 과제가 된다. 이 논문에서는 신속한 국제화를 행한 기술기반 벤처들이 해외현지에서 어떤 과정을 거쳐 자원과 역량을 구축하는가를 동적역량 구축(dynamic capability building) 관점에서 연구하였다. 이를 위해 한국 게임회사들의 일본 진출 사례를 바탕으로 이들이 현지에서 동적역량을 축적하는 과정을 분석하고, 영향 요인들을 추출한 뒤 연구명제를 도출하였다. 벤처기업들 해외자회사의 역량 축적은 본국에서의 지식이전과 현지에서의 지식창출 및 결합을 통해 이루어지는데, 이를 위해서는 우선 본사로부터의 적극적인 지식이전이 있어야 하며, 두 번째로 현지자회사 수준에서의 전략적 제휴, 인수합병, 고용을 통한 학습 등 외부로부터의 지식 흡수, 그리고 의도적인 학습과 시행착오를 통한 학습 등을 이용한 자회사 내부에서의 지식창출이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 연구대상 기업들은 주로 외부지식 흡수에 주력하며, 이를 위해 다양한 지식흡수 방법을 조합, 사용했다. 그 과정에는 해당 자회사의 현지진출 동기와 진입방식, 자회사 경영자의 기업가정신, 본사의 자원 투여, 현지시장에 대한 기업의 기존 지식, 자회사의 성숙 정도, 본사와의 연계 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다.
Abstract
When a technology-based venture company seeks early internationalization, it lacks resources and capabilities necessary to succeed there. Thus, the primary concern for its foreign subsidiaries is to secure required resources and build capabilities. The paper studied the process of how the technology-based venture companies built resources and capabilities abroad with focus on dynamic capability building process. In this relation, the cases of Korean game companies who entered the Japanese market were examined. Analysis was made on their dynamic capability building process, based on which influence factors and propositions were drawn. Capability building by foreign subsidiaries of the venture companies is carried out through knowledge transfer from their headquarters, knowledge creation in the foreign market and their combination. This requires active knowledge transfer from the headquarters, knowledge absorption by local subsidiaries in the foreign market through alliance, M&A and learning-by-hiring, and knowledge creation within the subsidiaries based on intentional learning and trials and errors. The companies whose cases were studied focused on absorbing external knowledge and combined various methods for the purpose. In this process, such factors as the subsidiary's motivation and method of entry, entrepreneurship of the manager of the subsidiary, resource commitment, existing knowledge about the foreign market, maturity of the subsidiary and its linkage with the head office were found to influence capability building process.
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