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CFO의 전략가적 역할이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향:연구모형 개발을 중심으로

The Effect of CFO’s Strategic Role on Innovation Performance: Developing a Theoretical Research Model

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 TMT와 CEO 연구의 주요 이론인 최고경영층 이론(Upper‐Echelon theory)과 경영진의 분화를 바탕으로 CFO를 포함한 경영진이 기능담당 TMT로 어떻게 다양화되었는지, CFO가 수행하여야 할 기업경영 활동 상의 역할이 어떻게 변화되고 있는지를 선행연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 전략경영 분야에서는 CFO가 단독으로 다루어지지 못하거나, 통제변수로 다루어지는 경향이 있는데, 본 연구의 목적은 질적연구 방법론인 근거이론 접근법(grounded theory)을 통해 현직 CFO들을 인터뷰하여 기업에서 CFO가 수행하는 역할 변화 관련 핵심범주를 도출하고, CFO의 역할 변화가 기업의 혁신성과에 미치는 영향 관계를 연구모형화 하는 것이다. 본 연구는 각각 5개 그룹에 소속된 5개 기업, 6명의 CFO(그룹, 기업, 사업부문/사업단위 수준)를 대상으로 반구조화 인터뷰를 하여 전사(傳寫)한 후, 이를 근거로 인터뷰 결과를 Strauss의 질적연구 방법론에 따라 개방코딩, 축코딩, 선택코딩 과정을 통해 5개의 핵심범주를 도출하였으며, CFO의 전략가적 역할이 기업에서의 전략적 선택과 혁신활동과 인과적 영향 관계를 맺고 있으며, 결과적으로 이들을 통해 혁신성과에 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 이러한 질적연구 결과를 바탕으로 CFO의 역할 변화가 혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 연구모형으로 설계하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 개념적인 연구모형을 통하여 CFO의 역할이 전략가적 역할로 확대되어 직접적으로, 또 전략적 선택과 혁신활동의 매개를 통해 기업의 혁신성과에 영향을 미치는 과정을 이론화하였다. 또, TMT 구성원 사이 관계의 질(quality)은 전략적 선택과 혁신활동이 CFO의 전략가적 역할을 매개하는 과정에서 조절 역할을 하는 것으로 제안한다. 마지막으로, 도출된 연구모형을 통해 양적 실증 연구를 후속 연구로 제안한다.

Abstract

Based on Upper Echelon theory and considering the trend of diversifying top executives, this study focuses on the role of CFO by analyzing the division of top executive ranks into functional TMT (Top Management Team), the changing role of CFO, and the effect of such changes of CFO’s role on innovation performance. In strategic management field, CFO has been mostly treated as a control variable rather than a stand-alone independent variable. This study aims to develop a theoretical research model of the relationship between the strategic role of CFO and a firm’s innovation performance, by drawing upon the qualitative ground theory based on in-depth interviews with active CFOs of Korean firms. We perform in-depth interviews with six CFO of five firms belonging to five business groups. Applying the open coding, axial coding, and selective coding approaches advanced by Strauss’ qualitative research method, the interview data derived from semi-structured interviews are transcribed and produce five core categories such as CFO’s roles, strategic choice, quality of TMT relationship, and innovation activities. The analysis of the interview data lead us to conjecture that there are causal relationships between the strtegic role of CFO and a firm’s strategic choices and innovation activities. We then compose a research model describing the effect of CFO’s changing roles on innovation performance. This study theorizes the process through which expansion of CFO’s role into strategic one directly influences innovation performance, as well as through mediation of strategic choices and innovation activities. This theoretical model also suggests the moderating effect of the quality of TMT relationship between CFO’s strategic role, strategic choice, and innovation activities. Finally, we suggest the subsequent quantitative studies based on the theoretical research model.

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