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기업의 기술탐색 결정요인 연구: 성과 피드백, 연구지수, 연구개발 집중도

Determinants of Technological Search: Performance Feedback, Research Quotient, Relative Intensity of Research and Development

박경민|곽혜민
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2020.12|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제23권 제3호|pp. 1-24|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2020.23.3.001

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참고문헌

키워드

성과 피드백Performance Feedback문제해결적 탐색기술탐색연구지수상대적 연구개발 집중도Problemistic SearchTechnological SearchResearch QuotientRelative Intensity of Research and Development
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 성과 피드백 기반 학습(performance feedback-based learning) 이론을 바탕으로 기술탐색(technological search)에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 성과 피드백 기반 학습 이론에 따르면, 조직은 자신이 받아들일 수 있는 최소한의 성과인 열망수준(aspiration levels)을 기준으로 성과평가를 한다. 이때, 만일 성과평가 결과가 부정적이라면 조직은 이를 문제로 인식하고 해결하기 위해 문제해결적 탐색(problemistic search)을 강화한다. 선행연구는 여러 가지 조건 및 맥락 하에서 이러한 논의를 입증해 왔는데, 연구개발에 대한 기대 역량과 상대적 연구개발 투자 비중이 문제해결적 탐색 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 살펴본 적이 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 기업 특유의 연구개발 역량을 의미하는 ‘연구지수(research quotient)’와 산업 평균 연구개발 투자 비중과의 차이를 나타내는 ‘상대적 연구개발집중도(relative R&D intensity)’에 따라 조직의 탐색활동 강도가 달라질 것으로 예상하고 연구를 진행하였다. 이를 위해 1984년부터 2015년까지의 북미 제조 산업(SIC 2-digit 기준 20-39)을 대상으로 패널 데이터 분석을 실시하였고, 다음과 같은 가설들을 제시하고 실증하였다. (1) 기업의 성과가 열망 수준에 비해 낮은 경우, 기업성과와 열망 수준의 차이는 기술탐색과 정(+)의 관계이다(기본적 가설). (2) 연구지수가 높을수록 (1)의 경향을 감소시킨다. (3-1) 기업의 연구개발 집중도가 산업 평균 연구개발 집중도에 비해 높을수록 (1)의 경향을 증가시키고, (3-2) 기업의 연구개발 집중도가 산업 평균 연구개발 집중도에 비해 낮을수록 (1)의 경향을 감소시킨다.

Abstract

The research focuses on problemistic search, meaning that a firm increases search activity for solutions when its performance falls below aspiration levels. A number of extant studies have answered the question of how a firm reacts in response to failure. However, they have neglected the influence of research and development(R&D) capability and relative intensity of R&D on the strength of problemistic search. First of all, this paper examines the baseline hypothesis of problemistic search, i.e. the effect of the performance below aspiration levels on technological search. Next, the study investigates the question of how the problemistic search strengthens or weakens depending on the 'Research Quotient (RQ)' of a firm and the 'relative R&D intensity' indicating the difference from the industry average of R&D intensity. By utilizing panel data of 2,824 manufacturing companies in North America during the period between 1984 and 2015, this research tests suggested hypotheses: 1) As performance falls below aspiration levels, technological search increases (the baseline hypothesis). This baseline relationship is (2) negatively moderated by research quotient, (3-1) positively moderated by R&D intensity gap above the industry average, (3-2) negatively moderated by R&D intensity gap below the industry average. By and large, all hypotheses were empirically supported.

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