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휴먼에러: 효율성-안전성 역설 관점

Human Errors: A Perspective of Efficiency-Safety Paradox

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 효율성과 안전성의 역설 관계 및 조직의 역설 관계 대응 방안에 대하여 논의한다. 구체적으로, 역설 이론(Theory of Paradox)을 바탕으로, 휴먼에러는 효율성을 강조하는 제도적 환경에서 발생하는 경향이 있으며, 이를 방지하기 위해서는 조직차원에서 효율성-안전성의 균형을 추구하기 위한 노력이 필요하다는 점을 주장한다. 이상의 주장을 실증 분석하기 위해, 31개 국가 원자력발전소에서 발생한 휴먼에러에 의한 비계획 운전정지 데이터를 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 소속 국가의 원전력 발전산업 의존도가 높아 발전소 운영의 효율성이 강조된 환경일수록 휴먼에러에 의한 운전정지가 발생하기 쉬운 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 사전 안전 점검을 위한 계획정지 시간이 길수록 완화되었으며, 효율성 실적을 비교할 같은 운영조직 내 발전소 유닛 수가 많고 이들의 효율성이 높은 조직환경일수록 강화되었다. 본 연구는 아직 충분한 이론적 논의가 이루어지지 못한 효율성-안전성의 역설 관계를 다룸으로써 기존 역설 이론을 확장하고, 조직의 주요 사회적 성과지표의 하나인 안전성을 제고하기 위한 전략적 시사점을 제공한다.

Abstract

This study examines the paradox between efficiency and safety and explores how organizations should respond to this paradox. Drawing upon the theory of paradox, this study argues that operational human errors, which represent a lack of safety, can stem from institutional environments that emphasize efficiency, and that organizations should take a balance between efficiency and safety to mitigate the occurrence of operational human errors. Empirical analysis using the context of world nuclear power industry in 31 countries provides support these arguments. The study reveals that countries with a higher economic reliance on the industry are more prone to experiencing unplanned outages caused by human errors. However, this tendency diminishes for organizations that have well-established routines for pre-safety checks and those with fewer number of others for comparing efficiency performance or those with comparative others having lower efficiency. The results not only contribute to the theory of paradox by discussing the efficiency-safety paradox, an underdeveloped paradox relation, but also offer variable implications to help organizations prevent safety issues.

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