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ESG의 효율성을 높이는 4가지 전략: CSR을 CSO로 전환

Four Strategies for Enhancing the Efficiency of ESG: Transitioning from CSR to CSO

문휘창|윤문연
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2024.04|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제27권 제1호|pp. 17-43|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2024.27.1.002

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키워드

효율성Efficiency기업의 사회적 책임공유가치창출ESGEnvironmentalCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Creating Shared Value (CSV)Social and Governance (ESG)기업의 사회적 기회Corporate Social Opportunity (CSO)
주제분류경영학

초록

ESG에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있는 가운데, 최근에 이와 대조적으로 ESG를 반대하는 움직임이 확산되고있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ESG에 대한 기업의 올바른 접근법과 ESG 효율성을 높이기 위한 전략을제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR), 공유가치창출(CSV), 그리고 ESG의세 주제에 대해 포괄적인 문헌을 검토했고, 공동출현단어분석 방법을 사용하여 각 주제의 연구 패턴을비교 분석하였다. CSR과 ESG 연구는 윤리 및 자선적 측면에 중점을 두지만, CSV 연구는 기업의 사회활동과핵심 경영 분야와의 연계성을 높임으로써 기업과 사회/환경 모두에 이로움을 가져다 주는 것을 강조한다. 본 연구는 기업이 단순히 CSR에서 ESG 실적이나 효과성에 초점을 맞추는 것을 넘어서, ESG 투입대비 효과성을 강조하는 ESG 효율성을 고려해야 한다고 주장하였다. 본 연구는 ESG 효율성을 향상시키기위한 네 가지 기업의 사회적 기회(Corporate Social Opportunity, CSO) 전략과 이를 바탕으로 네가지 명제를 제시하였다. 네 가지 CSO 전략은 ESG 동기, ESG 실적 평가, ESG 지속가능성, 그리고투자자의 관점 등 네 가지 측면을 다루었다. CSO 접근법은 ESG 활동이 단순히 윤리 또는 자선적측면보다는 기업과 사회/환경 공동의 이익과 ESG 실행의 효율성을 강조하는 경제적 측면을 우선시한다.

Abstract

Amid increasing attention to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in the corporate management, firms have recently exhibited conflicting reactions, such as anti-ESG initiatives and greenwashing practices. To address this complexity, this study introduces four strategies which aim to improve the efficiency of ESG practices. It carried out a comprehensive review of the literature on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Creating Shared Value (CSV), and ESG. Using the co-occurrence analysis method, this research conducted a comparative analysis to identify distinct patterns among the three areas of research. The findings revealed that while CSR and ESG research largely focuses on ethical and philanthropic dimensions, CSV research emphasizes the alignment of social and environmental engagements with a company's core business areas to generate mutual benefits. This study argues that firms should move beyond simply transitioning from CSR to ESG by focusing solely on ESG performance or effectiveness. Firms need to consider the ESG efficiency, evaluating the outcomes relative to the inputs involved. Specifically, this article introduced four Corporate Social Opportunity (CSO) strategies for enhancing ESG efficiency along with four corresponding propositions. The four CSO strategies cover four aspects, including ESG motivations, evaluation of ESG performance, sustainability of ESG practices, and the perspectives of investors. The CSO approach prioritizes economic considerations—mutual benefits and operational efficiency—over purely ethical considerations of ESG practices.

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