How and Why to Teach English Metaphors to Japanese Learners Through Visual Media: With Practical Examples From Steven Universe
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Teaching conceptual metaphors to EFL learners has been shown to help with their learning of vocabulary and expressions, but this can be difficult for L1 Japanese EFL learners because of cultural and linguistic differences in the two languages. In teaching metaphors, the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and understanding of the theory of mental spaces can be used to argue that using visual media is particularly helpful for English learners. This paper presents a case that teaching conceptual metaphors is important for L1 Japanese learners of English, but difficult because of the large number of differences in the metaphorical expressions of the two languages, though these problems can be overcome through visual media, particularly animations. It suggests that they can be especially helpful when attempting to teach new conceptual metaphors to EFL learners because of their multi-modal nature and the ease with which they can construe reality. The paper further argues that animations aimed at children, such as Steven Universe, are particularly helpful because the metaphors are often made especially easy to understand, are often shown in an appropriate cultural context. Furthermore, Steven Universe has recurring themes built upon conceptual metaphors, allowing instructors to find many examples of the same metaphors.
Abstract
Teaching conceptual metaphors to EFL learners has been shown to help with their learning of vocabulary and expressions, but this can be difficult for L1 Japanese EFL learners because of cultural and linguistic differences in the two languages. In teaching metaphors, the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and understanding of the theory of mental spaces can be used to argue that using visual media is particularly helpful for English learners. This paper presents a case that teaching conceptual metaphors is important for L1 Japanese learners of English, but difficult because of the large number of differences in the metaphorical expressions of the two languages, though these problems can be overcome through visual media, particularly animations. It suggests that they can be especially helpful when attempting to teach new conceptual metaphors to EFL learners because of their multi-modal nature and the ease with which they can construe reality. The paper further argues that animations aimed at children, such as Steven Universe, are particularly helpful because the metaphors are often made especially easy to understand, are often shown in an appropriate cultural context. Furthermore, Steven Universe has recurring themes built upon conceptual metaphors, allowing instructors to find many examples of the same metaphors.
참고문헌 (36)
- Berendt, E. A., "Metaphors for learning: Crosscultural perspectives", pp.73~102 (2008), Routledge
- Boers, F., "Metaphor awareness and vocabulary retention", Applied Linguistics, 21(4), pp.553~571 (2000)
- Dunn, C. D., "Cultural models and metaphors for marriage : An analysis of discourse at Japanese wedding receptions", Ethos : Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology, 32(3), pp.348~373 (2004)
- Fauconnier, G., "Mental spaces" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Fauconnier, G., "Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought", pp.53~66 (2008), Cambridge University Press
- Forceville, C., "Multimodal metaphor" (2009), Mouton de Gruyter
- Hiraga, M. K., "Metaphors for learning: Cross-cultural perspectives", pp.55~72 (2008), Routledge
- Huisman, R., "Narrative and media", pp.172~187 (2007), Cambridge University Press
- . In R. Sugar (Executive producer), Steven universe, "Cartoon Network", 2015
- . In J. L. Brooks (Executive producer), The Simpsons, "Fox Broadcasting", 1997
- Kövecses, Z., "Applied cognitive linguistics II:Language pedagogy", pp.87~115 (2001), Mouton de Gruyter
- Kövecses, Z., "Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation" (2005), Cambridge Press
- Lakoff, G., "Metaphors we live by" (2003), The University of Chicago Press
- Lantolf, J. P., "Metaphor instruction in the L2 Spanish classroom : Theoretical argument and pedagogical program", Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 1(1), pp.46~61 (2014)
- Matsuki, K., "Language and the cognitive construal of the world", pp.137~151 (1995), Mouton de Gruyter
- Mayer, R. E., "Research-based principles for the design of instructional messages : The case of multimedia explanations", Document Design, 1(1), pp.7~19 (1999)
- Mayer, R. E., "Elements of a science of e-learning", Journal of Educational Computing Research, 29(3), pp.297~313 (2003)
- Mayer, R. E., "The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning", pp.31~48 (2005), Cambridge University Press
- Mayer, R. E., "Multimedia learning" (2009), Cambridge University Press
- Mayer, R. E., "Applying the science of learning to medical education", Medical Education, 44(6), pp.543~549 (2010)
- Mills, R., "Childhood studies: A reader in perspectives of childhood", pp.7~37 (2000), Routledge
- ". In R. Sugar (Creator), Steven universe" (2017)[URL]
- . In R. Sugar (Executive producer), Steven universe, "Cartoon Network", 2017
- Nabeshima, K., (2011), Kuroshio Shuppan
- Nabeshima, K., (2016), Hitsujishobo
- Ohata, K., "Phonological differences between Japanese and English : Several potentially problematic areas of pronunciation for Japanese ESL", EFL learners, 2002, pp.6(4), 1~19
- Sakui, K., "Beliefs about SLA:New research approaches", pp.153~170 (2006), Springer
- Spring, R., "Getting in the right frame of mind to learn English as a second language", Bulletin of the Tohoku University Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, 1, pp.115~124 (2015)
- Spring, R., "Teaching phrasal verbs more efficiently : Using corpus studies and cognitive linguistics to create a particle list", Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(5), pp.125~139 (2018)
- Suarez, G., "Metaphors made live: Multimodal metaphor analysis in animation", master’s, International Culture Studies, pp.2017
- "Cartoon Network Studios", 2013
- Swan, M., "Learner English: A teacher’s guide to interference and other problems" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Tsunoda, T., (2009), Kuroshio
- Korean linguistics Vol. 7, "Japanese", pp.1998, Uehara, S.
- Yamanaka, K., "Metaphors for learning: Cross-cultural perspectives", pp.29~51 (2008), Routledge
- Yasuda, S., "Learning phrasal verbs through conceptual metaphors : A case of Japanese EFL learners", TESOL Quarterly, 44(2), pp.250~273 (2010)