종교의 디지털 전환과 윤리적 규준에 관한 논의
A discussion on the digital turn of religion and ethical standards
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디지털 사회에서 종교는 점점 디지털 환경에 맞게 변화되고 있다. 기독교를 포함한 대다수 종교가 온라인 예배를 드리며 설교를 비롯한 신앙교육을 인터넷을 통하여 실시하고 있다. 최근에는 인공지능으로 연결된 AI 성직자가 나타나며, 신앙 교육과 훈련을 알고리즘을 통해서 진행하기도 한다. 젊은 세대일수록 온라인 공간을 하나의 종교적 공간, 영적인 세계로 인식하면서 무당과 같은 중매자를 통해 초월적 경험을 추구하기도 한다. 본 논문은 디지털 사회에서 종교가 디지털로 전환되는 과정을 몇몇 사례로 살핀 뒤, 어떤 과정을 통해 전통 종교(오프라인 종교)가 디지털화될 수 있는지를 하이디 캠벨이 제안하는 RSST(Religious social shaping of technology)로 제안 할것이다. 연구를 통해 단순히 디지털 기술로 옷 입은 종교를 서술하는데 그치지 않고, 디지털 종교가 갖추어야 하는 윤리적 특성으로서 경험적 진정성, 공공성, 인격성과 포용성을 제안할 것이다. 국내외적으로 종교의 디지털화에 관한 관심이 상당하지만 적절한 윤리적 성찰과 비판이 부족한 상황에서 관련 논의를 촉발시킬 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
In a digital society, religion is increasingly adapting to the digital environment. Many religions, including Christianity, hold online services and deliver sermons and religious education via the internet. In recent years, AI clergy connected by artificial intelligence have appeared, providing religious education and training through algorithms. Younger generations increasingly recognise the online space as a religious space, a spiritual world, and seek transcendental experiences through mediator such as digital shamans. This paper will examine some examples of the digital turn of religion in the digital society and propose a process through which traditional religion (offline religion) can be digitised as Heidi Campbell’s RSST (Religious social shaping of technology). Rather than simply describing religion clothed in digital technology, I will propose experiential authenticity, publicness, personhood, and inclusivity as ethical qualities that digital religion should possess. This will spark a relevant debate as there is considerable interest in the digitisation of religion both nationally and internationally, but a lack of adequate ethical reflection and critique.
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