교량 상부구조물의 탄성받침 설치에 따른 충돌특성 분석
Pounding Characteristics of a Bridge Superstructure on Rubber Bearings
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초록
지진하중으로 인해 교량상부구조 간에 발생하는 충돌은 교량상부구조의 낙교, 교각의 파괴와 같은 국부적인 손상뿐만 아니라 교량전체시스템의 붕괴를 유발할 수 있다. 이와 같은 충돌의 영향은 신축이음부의 재질, 형태 및 교대부의 여유간격과 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 교량상부구조 간에 발생하는 충돌에 대한 특성을 분석하기 위해 충돌해석 이론 중 가장 널리 활용되고 있는 접합요소 접근법(Linear Spring Model, Kelvin-Voigt Model, Hertz Model)에 대해서 고찰 하고 이를 실험적으로 검증하기 위해 탄성받침이 설치된 교량상부구조를 모형화한 콘크리트 교량모델에 대한 진동대 실험을 실시하였다. 기존의 충돌모델을 적용한 이론 해는 실험결과와 잘 부합되지 못하였으며, 이에 본 논문에서는 충돌강성에 적절한 적용계수 를 이용하여 충돌 후 거동을 잘 모사할 수 있는 충돌강성 수준을 산출하였다. 충돌발생시 적절한 강성 및 재료의 동적특성, 충돌면의 형상 등에 따라 발생하는 충돌력의 크기가 달라지므로 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
Seismic structure pounding between adjacent superstructures may induce the destruction of pier and bridge superstructures and cause local damage that leads to the collapse of the whole bridge system. The pounding problem is related to the expansion of joints, gap distance and seismic response of the abutments. In this research, methods of the contact element approach, the linear spring model, the Kelvin-Voigt model and the Hertz model were studied to analyse the pounding characteristics. The shaking table test for a model specimen such as a bridge superstructure with elastomeric bearings was performed to evaluate the contact element approach methods. Relationships between the time history response from the numerical analysis results and the measured response from the shaking table test are compared. The experimental results were not well matched with the numerical analysis results using the existing pounding stiffness models. Therefore, in this study, coefficients are proposed to calculate the appropriate pounding stiffness ratio.
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