비선형 유효응력해석을 이용한 1995 Kobe 지진시케이슨 안벽의 거동 평가
Evaluation of Caisson Quay Wall Behavior during the 1995 Kobe Earthquake by Nonlinear Effective Stress Analysis
2
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
On Tuesday, January 17, 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 struck the Port of Kobe. In effect, the port was practically destroyed. After a hazard investigation, researchers reached a consensus to adopt a performance-based design in port and harbor structures in Japan. A residual displacement of geotechnical structures after an earthquake is one of the most important engineering demands in performance-based earthquake-resistant design. Thus, it is essential to provide reliable responses of geotechnical structures after an earthquake through various techniques. Today, a nonlinear explicit response history analysis(NERHA) of geotechnical structures is the most efficient way to achieve this goal. However, verification of the effective stress analysis, including post liquefaction behavior, is difficult to perform at a laboratory scale. This study aims to rigorously verify the NERHA by using well-defined field measurements, existing numerical tools, and constitutive models. The man-made, Port Island, in Kobe provides intensive hazard investigation data, strong motion records of 1995 Kobe earthquake, and sufficient engineering parameters of the soil. Two dimensional numerical analysis was conducted on the caisson quay wall section at Port Island subjected to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The analysis result matches very well with the hazard investigation data. The NERHA procedure presented in this paper can be used in further studies to explain and examine the effects of other factors on the seismic behavior of gravity quay walls in liquefiable soil areas.
Abstract
On Tuesday, January 17, 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 struck the Port of Kobe. In effect, the port was practically destroyed. After a hazard investigation, researchers reached a consensus to adopt a performance-based design in port and harbor structures in Japan. A residual displacement of geotechnical structures after an earthquake is one of the most important engineering demands in performance-based earthquake-resistant design. Thus, it is essential to provide reliable responses of geotechnical structures after an earthquake through various techniques. Today, a nonlinear explicit response history analysis(NERHA) of geotechnical structures is the most efficient way to achieve this goal. However, verification of the effective stress analysis, including post liquefaction behavior, is difficult to perform at a laboratory scale. This study aims to rigorously verify the NERHA by using well-defined field measurements, existing numerical tools, and constitutive models. The man-made, Port Island, in Kobe provides intensive hazard investigation data, strong motion records of 1995 Kobe earthquake, and sufficient engineering parameters of the soil. Two dimensional numerical analysis was conducted on the caisson quay wall section at Port Island subjected to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The analysis result matches very well with the hazard investigation data. The NERHA procedure presented in this paper can be used in further studies to explain and examine the effects of other factors on the seismic behavior of gravity quay walls in liquefiable soil areas.
참고문헌 (42)
- Nozu A, "Seismic design of port structures", J of Japan Association for Earthquake Eng, 4(3-SP), pp.195~208 (2004)
- Dokanish MA, "A survey of direct time-integration methods in computational structural dynamics I Explicit methods", Computers and Structures, 32(6), pp.1371~1386 (1989)
- Dokanish MA, "A survey of direct time-integration methods in computational structural dynamics – II Implicit methods", Computers and Structures, 32(6), pp.1387~1401 (1989)
- Pastor M, "Generalized plasticity and the modeling of soil behavior", International J of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 14(3), pp.151~190 (1990)
- Masing G, "Eigenspannungen und verfestigung beim messing (Self stretching and hardening for brass)", Proc of the Second International Congress of Applied Mechanics, pp.332~335 (1926)
- Martin GR, "Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading", ASCE J of Geotech Div, 101(GT5), pp.423~438 (1975)
- Byrne P, "A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore-pressure model for sand", Proc of 2nd International Conf on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Eng and Soil Dynamics, pp.47~55 (1991)
- Beaty MH, "A synthesized approach for predicting liquefaction and resulting displacements", Proc of the 12th World Conf on Earthquake Eng (2000)
- Wang FI, "Practical applications of a nonlinear approach to analysis of earthquake-induced liquefaction and deformation of earth structures", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Eng, 26(2-4), pp.231~252 (2006)
- Iai S, "Strain space plasticity model for cyclic mobility", Soils and Foundations, 32(2), pp.1~15 (1992)
- Iai S, "Analysis of undrained cyclic behavior of sand under anisotropic consolidation", Soils and Foundations, 32(2), pp.16~20 (1992)
- Dakoulas P, "Seismic effective analysis of caisson quay walls : application to Kobe", Soils and foundations, 45(4), pp.133~147 (2005)
- Iai S, "Effective stress analyses of ports structures", Soil and Foundations, 38, pp.97~114 (1998)
- Sawada S, "Analysis of liquefaction induced residual deformation for two types of quay walls – Analysis by “FLIP”", Proc of the 12th World Conf on Earthquake Eng (2000)
- Yang DS, "Deformation-based seismic design models for waterfront structures", 박사, pp.1999
- Na UJ, "Probabilistic assessment for seismic performance of port structures", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Eng, 28(2), pp.147~158 (2008)
- Dakoulas P, "Gazetas G. Seismic effective-stress analysis of caisson quay walls - application to Kobe", Soil and Foundations, 45(4), pp.133~147 (2005)
- Alyami M, "Simulation of seismic behavior of gravity quay wall using a generalized plasticity model", Proceedings of 4th International conference on earthquake geotechnical engineering 4ICEGE (2007)
- Galavi V, "Finite element modelling of seismic liquefaction in soils", Geotechnical Eng J of the SEAGS &AGSSEA, 44(3), pp.55~64 (2013)
- Plaxis liquefaction model. Plaxis knowledge base, "Tsegaye A", 39~, pp.Report No. 1 (2010)
- The January 17-1995 Kobe earthquake - An EQE International summary report, , EQE International, 94~ (1995)
- Ishihara K, "Terzaghi oration – Geotechnical aspects of the 1995Kobe earthquake", Proc of International Conf on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Eng ICSMFE, pp.2047~2073 (1997)
- Inagaki H, "Performance of caisson type quay walls at Kobe port", Soil and Foundations, 36, pp.119~136 (1996)
- Shibata T, "Characteristics of ground deformation due to liquefaction", Soils and Foundations, 36, pp.65~79 (1996)
- Fukusumi T, "Study on dynamic response of reclaimed and soft ground of man-made island in Kobe harbor during 1995Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake and liquefaction control", Proc of the 12th World Conf on Earthquake Eng (2000)
- Iwasaki Y, "Geological and geotechnical characteristics of Kobe area and strong ground motion records by 1995 Kobe earthquake", Soil Mech and Foundation Eng The Japanese Geotechnical Society, 43(6), pp.15~20 (1995)
- Kokusho T, "Nonlinear dynamic soil properties back-claculated from strong seismic motions during Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake", Proc of 11th World Conf on Earthquake Eng 11WCEE (1996)
- Kazama M, "Seismic behavior of an underlying alluvial clay on man-made islands during the 1995Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake Effective stress analyses of ports structures", Soil and Foundations, 38(SP), pp.23~32 (1998)
- Cubrinovski M, "Numerical simulation of the Kobe port island liquefaction", Proc of 11th World Conference on Earthquake Eng 11WCEE (1996)
- Strong motion at port island during the Kobe earthquake. Technical Report, "Madabhushi SPG", Cambridge University Department of Engineering, 46~ (1995)
- Shiomi T, "Effect of multi-directional loading and initial stress on liquefaction behavior", Proc of 11th World Conf on Earthquake Eng 11WCEE (1996)
- Ansary MA, "Analysis of ground motions at a reclaimed site during the 1995 great Hanshin earthquake", J of Civil Eng The institute of Eng Bangladesh, CE25(1), pp.79~95 (1997)
- "User’s Manual FLAC Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua", Itasca Consulting Group, ~ (2015)
- NESSI-Soil structure interaction program for dynamic and static problems, "Cundall PA", Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, ~, pp.Report 51508-9 (1980)
- Lee JS, "Appropriate input earhquake motion for the verification of seismic response analysis by geotechnical dynamic centrifuge test", EESK J of Earthquake Eng, 17(5), pp.209~217 (2013)
- Mejia LH, "Earthquake deconvolution for FLAC", Proc of 4th International FLAC Symposium on Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics (2006)
- Hardin BO, "Shear modulus and damping in soils -design equation and curves", ASCE J of Soil Mech and Foundation Eng Div, 98(7), pp.667~691 (1972)
- 이진선, "지반 동적거동모델에 따른 부지응답해석 영향연구", 한국지반환경공학회 논문집, 16(12), pp.23~35 (2015), 한국지반환경공학회[DOI]
- Fujikawa S, "Simulation of the vertical seismic array records at the Kobe port island considering the effect of the improved ground adjacent to the array site", JSCE J of Japanese Society of Civil Eng, 687(III-56), pp.169~180 (2001)
- Richards R, "Seismic bearing capacity and settlements of foundations", ASCE J of Geotechnical Eng, 119(4), pp.662~674 (1993)
- Paolucci R, "Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip foundations on dry soils", Soil and Foundations, 37(3), pp.95~105 (1997)
- Wu J, "Laboratory study of liquefaction triggering criteria", 13th World Conf on Earthquake Eng (2004)