현대 몽골사회 장례의 변화와 과제

Abstract

This study was discussed the changing process of modern Mongolian funeral with focusing on a change in burial service, a variation of funeral place, and an alteration in relevant legal regulation, and was tried to take a look at a problem and a task of modern Mongolian funeral based on this. The foundation of funeral culture, which is being transmitted to be carried out today in Mongolia, was established under the influence in the propagation and dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism. Accordingly, Pungjang(風葬, aerial burial on the ground or up in a tree) was positioned as Mongolia’s traditional funeral culture. In modern Mongolian funeral, a change in a funeral method and a variation in a funeral place stand out most. A method of handling a dead body in the process of modernization was diverted from Pungjang(風葬) to burial. A place that holds a funeral, namely, bids farewell to the deceased, was moved into a hospital mortuary with leaving own home. This fact was accredited to the government policy and legal regulation, which took into account social demands, namely, urbanization, a traffic congestion, economic efficiency, and the necessity of the working life. Especially in case of a large city regarding modern Mongolian society, it is being generalized what a funeral is deputized by a professional funeral parlor and by a funeral service company. Industrialization in a funeral brought about the offer of new funeral service. According to this, a funeral method is prospected to be likely led to the trend increasing from burial-oriented to cremation(火葬). The problem is that people’s mourning for the dead and consideration for the psychological situation should always come along in the establishment of funeral culture through legal regulations of society and nation. It seems to be imminent in the modernization and the supply of a funeral parlor, in the reasonable cost for a funeral, in the growth of funeral parlors and funeral protection companies, and in funeral-related legal regulations. Finally, a change in people’s awareness on a funeral is considered to be necessary. The funeral culture is a ritual sensitive to society & nation and to enactment & political policy. Thus, there is necessity of the recognition on right funeral culture in consideration of the eco-friendly and traditional-culture thought. That is because the right perception on the remembrance of own ancestors available for environmental-pollution prevention and renewability is capable of being linked to the new creation of funeral culture.