아프리카, 도시화와 공간의 사회학 : 케냐의 나이로비를 중심으로
Africa, Urbanization and Sociology of Space: A Case Study of Nairobi, Kenya
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper is to pursue the development of Metropolitan Nairobi since its formulation based on oral narratives given by various Nairobians of different racial and ethnic segments. The paper specially focuses on the development of Eastleigh which is one of many African and Asian residential areas of Nairobi. Nairobi was initially a tiny depot in the middle of railway construction between Mombasa and kampala. Now, it is the 12th largest city with the population of 3,141,065(2009) in African continent and the post-prosperous urban space in East Africa. It was founded in 1899 by the British, named after Maasai watering hole, Enkare Nairobi, cold water, however, the place became the residential settlement for railway workers, mostly Indian indentured labourers. It eventually grown up into a small town, and with favourable natural environments, residents sored up. In 1905, the British colony made it the capital of the British East African Protectorate. Nairobi was designed for European settlers and colonial administration which meant that the rest of races, i.e. African and Asian population, was out of map. Or at best, African and Asian population were accommodated just for serving colonial administration. Residential areas were mainly located outskirt Nairobi center, good distance for serving European settlers and colonial administration, but yet far enough to keep distance from European settlers. Eastleigh was spaced for Asians and some African elites (Somali-Kenyans) during 1920s, nevertheless, we have lack of enough academic publications to trace back the development of Eastleigh to present. That is the main purpose of this paper : Examining the developmental history of Eastleigh based on oral histories of residents. Three different voices from Somali-Kenyans, Indians and Africans tell us that Eastleigh, initially known as the land of Kikuyu and Masaai people, became the designed residential area for Asians by the British colonial administration; then Africanized after its independence since 1963; and known as ‘little Mogadishu’ after the massive flux of Somali-Somali since 1990s. The voices also tell the story that Eastleigh is not a singular and homogeneous racial, ethnic and cultural space but a multiple and complex, competing and harmonizing space for different racial, ethnic and cultural components. This is the written story from voices.
Abstract
This paper is to pursue the development of Metropolitan Nairobi since its formulation based on oral narratives given by various Nairobians of different racial and ethnic segments. The paper specially focuses on the development of Eastleigh which is one of many African and Asian residential areas of Nairobi. Nairobi was initially a tiny depot in the middle of railway construction between Mombasa and kampala. Now, it is the 12th largest city with the population of 3,141,065(2009) in African continent and the post-prosperous urban space in East Africa. It was founded in 1899 by the British, named after Maasai watering hole, Enkare Nairobi, cold water, however, the place became the residential settlement for railway workers, mostly Indian indentured labourers. It eventually grown up into a small town, and with favourable natural environments, residents sored up. In 1905, the British colony made it the capital of the British East African Protectorate. Nairobi was designed for European settlers and colonial administration which meant that the rest of races, i.e. African and Asian population, was out of map. Or at best, African and Asian population were accommodated just for serving colonial administration. Residential areas were mainly located outskirt Nairobi center, good distance for serving European settlers and colonial administration, but yet far enough to keep distance from European settlers. Eastleigh was spaced for Asians and some African elites (Somali-Kenyans) during 1920s, nevertheless, we have lack of enough academic publications to trace back the development of Eastleigh to present. That is the main purpose of this paper : Examining the developmental history of Eastleigh based on oral histories of residents. Three different voices from Somali-Kenyans, Indians and Africans tell us that Eastleigh, initially known as the land of Kikuyu and Masaai people, became the designed residential area for Asians by the British colonial administration; then Africanized after its independence since 1963; and known as ‘little Mogadishu’ after the massive flux of Somali-Somali since 1990s. The voices also tell the story that Eastleigh is not a singular and homogeneous racial, ethnic and cultural space but a multiple and complex, competing and harmonizing space for different racial, ethnic and cultural components. This is the written story from voices.
참고문헌 (30)
- 권명식, "아프리카 청소년들이 겪는 도시 문제: 스와힐리 현대 소설을 중심으로", 아프리카연구, (18), pp.3~36 (2005)
- 박정경, "케냐 도시화의 그늘 : 나이로비 도시민의 구술증언에 나타난 민족 갈등", 한국아프리카 학회지, 35(1), pp.73~102 (2012), 한국아프리카학회[DOI]
- 서상현, "세계의 도시: 아프리카의 도시(1)", 도시문제, 39(432), pp.99~108 (2004)
- 서상현, "세계의 도시: 아프리카의 도시(2)", 도시문제, 39(433), pp.106~115 (2004)
- 서상현, "세계의 도시: 아프리카의 도시(3)", 도시문제, 40(434), pp.99~110 (2005)
- 송도영, "유목민에서 도시민으로: 북아프리카의 이민과 정체성 위기", 한국문화인류학, 30(1), pp.243~251 (1997)
- 송도영, "상징공간의 정치: 프랑스의 북아프리카 식민 도시정책", 한국문화인류학, 35(2) (2002), 한국문화인류학회
- 양철준, "나이로비" (2004), 살림
- 함한희, "새로운 역사쓰기를 위한 구술사 연구방법론" (2006), 아르케
- 윤택림, "구술사, 기억으로 쓰는 역사" (2010), 아르케
- 장용규, "‘쉥’(Sheng), 저항의 언어, 저항의 문화", 아프리카 연구, 31(1), pp.97~128 (2012), 아프리카연구소
- 한국구술사연구회, "구술사" (2005), 선인
- Coquery-Vidrovitch, C., "The Process of Urbanization in Africa", African Studies Review, 34(1), pp.1~98 (1991)
- Epstein, A. L., "Urbanization and Social Change in Africa", Current Anthropology, 8(4), pp.275~295 (1967)
- Gluckman, M., "Anthropological Problems Arising from the African Industrial Revolution, In Social Change in Modern Africa" (1961), Oxford University Press
- Kapila, N., "Race, Rail & Society, roots of modern Kenya" (2010), Kenway Publication
- Karen A. Laidlaw, "Trends in the Relationship between Urbanisation and Development in Africa", The Journal of Modern African Studies, 17(4), pp.687~694 (1979)
- Kimani, S. M., "The Structure of Land Onwership in Nairobi", Canadian journal of African Studies, 6(3), pp.379~402 (1972)
- Low, S. M., "The Anthropology of Cities: Imagining and Theorizing the City", Annual Review of Anthropology, 25, pp.383~409 (1996)
- Michell, J. C., "Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analysis of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns" (1969), Manchester University Press
- Mayer, P., "Townsmen or Tribesmen" (1961), Oxford University Press
- "The Language Situation in Kenya"[URL]
- Parnell, S., "Rethinking Urban South Africa", Journal of Southern African Studies, 21(1), pp.39~93 (1995)
- Pauw, B. A., "The Second Generation" (1963), Oxford University Press
- Redfield, R., "The Folk Society", American Journal of Sociology, 70, pp.292~308 (1947)
- Ross, M. H., "The Rural-Urban Network in Kenya: Some General Implications", American Ethnologist, 4(2), pp.359~375 (1977)
- Africa: Atlas of our changing environment, "UNEP", ~ (2008)
- UN-HABITAT, "Identifying Geographic and Thematic Environmental Issues Through Consultation", ~ (2008)
- Wilson, G., "The Analysis of Social Change: based on observations in Central Africa" (1968), Cambridge University Press