Using Economic Aid for Democratizing Africa: Will This Policy Work?
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Since the 1990s, Western countries have utilized economic aid as a tool for imposing democracy on Africa. Some African rulers succumbed to Western pressure and embraced Western style democracy. Other leaders, in contrast,flagrantly rejected democracy or executed political reforms in a superficial and disingenuous manner. What accounts for this defiant behavior? Why have some African rulers dismissed Western donors’ threat or actual use of aid suspension and refused to democratize (fully)? This article suggests three reasons. First, sources of aid have diversified and African leaders are able to replace Western aid with non-Western aid. Second, African rulers are able to instigate nationalism based on anti-colonial sentiment and pursue their own political agenda, while preserving their domestic support bases. Third, African rulers whose country bears economic and strategic importance judge that even if they do not comply with Western's demand for democracy, concern for national interests would discourage Western donors from suspending or cancelling economic aid. In the future, Western attempt to impose democracy through aid threat will not take effect. Therefore, the US and European countries should discard the “White Man's Burden” mentality and scrap the “aid for democracy” policy.
Abstract
Since the 1990s, Western countries have utilized economic aid as a tool for imposing democracy on Africa. Some African rulers succumbed to Western pressure and embraced Western style democracy. Other leaders, in contrast,flagrantly rejected democracy or executed political reforms in a superficial and disingenuous manner. What accounts for this defiant behavior? Why have some African rulers dismissed Western donors’ threat or actual use of aid suspension and refused to democratize (fully)? This article suggests three reasons. First, sources of aid have diversified and African leaders are able to replace Western aid with non-Western aid. Second, African rulers are able to instigate nationalism based on anti-colonial sentiment and pursue their own political agenda, while preserving their domestic support bases. Third, African rulers whose country bears economic and strategic importance judge that even if they do not comply with Western's demand for democracy, concern for national interests would discourage Western donors from suspending or cancelling economic aid. In the future, Western attempt to impose democracy through aid threat will not take effect. Therefore, the US and European countries should discard the “White Man's Burden” mentality and scrap the “aid for democracy” policy.
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