Biodiversity Protection and Social Resilience: Case of the Tai National Park and Its Rural Communities in Cote d’Ivoire
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The Taï National Park, which covers over 5,000 square kilometers, is the remnant of the primary rainforest once dominant in the southern region of Côte d’Ivoire. Because of its impressive biodiversity and unspoiled ecosystem, the TaïNational Park has been classified as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 1978and a World Heritage Site since 1982. As a protected area surrounded by rural communities to whom natural resources are still part of the livelihood system, the Taï National Park requires a governance approach that takes into account the socio-economic development of these rural, local communities. To these communities, no longer having access to the natural resources of the park represents an externally imposed stress to their livelihood system, potentially affecting their social resilience. The governance of the Taï National Park has evolved from an exclusive to a shared approach over the years. The components of park protection are a combination of increased surveillance, creation of revenue generating activities and social projects for the rural, local communities, and environmental education to bring an awareness of the importance of preserving the natural ecosystem of the park. The continuing anthropogenic threats to the park, despite a participative governance approach that has involved the local communities (in addition to providing them revenue generating activities and social services), indicate that the social resilience of these communities is still not high enough to not depend on the resources of the park. A more sustained program of economic development of the rural communities bordering the park is needed to raise the resilience levels of these communities and make them no longer dependent on the resources of the park for their livelihood.
Abstract
The Taï National Park, which covers over 5,000 square kilometers, is the remnant of the primary rainforest once dominant in the southern region of Côte d’Ivoire. Because of its impressive biodiversity and unspoiled ecosystem, the TaïNational Park has been classified as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 1978and a World Heritage Site since 1982. As a protected area surrounded by rural communities to whom natural resources are still part of the livelihood system, the Taï National Park requires a governance approach that takes into account the socio-economic development of these rural, local communities. To these communities, no longer having access to the natural resources of the park represents an externally imposed stress to their livelihood system, potentially affecting their social resilience. The governance of the Taï National Park has evolved from an exclusive to a shared approach over the years. The components of park protection are a combination of increased surveillance, creation of revenue generating activities and social projects for the rural, local communities, and environmental education to bring an awareness of the importance of preserving the natural ecosystem of the park. The continuing anthropogenic threats to the park, despite a participative governance approach that has involved the local communities (in addition to providing them revenue generating activities and social services), indicate that the social resilience of these communities is still not high enough to not depend on the resources of the park. A more sustained program of economic development of the rural communities bordering the park is needed to raise the resilience levels of these communities and make them no longer dependent on the resources of the park for their livelihood.
참고문헌 (19)
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