New Directions of Rural Development in South Africa: Smallholder-oriented Innovation and Value Chain Creation
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South Africa remains one of the most divided, unequal societies on earth, and nowhere is this inequality more pronounced than the rural-urban divide, with rural women being the most egregious, wretched victims of this divide. South Africa’s simmering socio-political tensions, and associated societal ills, stem from South Africa’s inability to resolve the bane of inequality after more than two decades of democracy. It is suggested in this paper that improving rural livelihoods is a valid approach to, in part, addressing inequality in South Africa specifically in rural areas. Any attempt at poverty alleviation in rural South Africa will have to take into account an omnibus matrix of seven critical problems and issues, namely: the non-egalitarian nature of the rural sector; the lack of social integration in rural communities; the slow decline of the rural population; a lack of capacity in villages and inadequate extension services and other agricultural support provisions; corruption and ineffective governance; relatively high illiteracy rates; and, entrenched gender discrimination. In addressing these issues, a new direction for rural development is necessary in South Africa which aims to commercialize small-scale agriculture. Political will and an appropriate policy framework along with land tenure reform are fundamental to this process. The two guiding principles should be smallholder innovation based on a learning-by-interaction model as well as inclusive value chain creation, predicated upon the empowerment of women, and this approach should incorporate both systemic and humanistic approaches to development.
Abstract
South Africa remains one of the most divided, unequal societies on earth, and nowhere is this inequality more pronounced than the rural-urban divide, with rural women being the most egregious, wretched victims of this divide. South Africa’s simmering socio-political tensions, and associated societal ills, stem from South Africa’s inability to resolve the bane of inequality after more than two decades of democracy. It is suggested in this paper that improving rural livelihoods is a valid approach to, in part, addressing inequality in South Africa specifically in rural areas. Any attempt at poverty alleviation in rural South Africa will have to take into account an omnibus matrix of seven critical problems and issues, namely: the non-egalitarian nature of the rural sector; the lack of social integration in rural communities; the slow decline of the rural population; a lack of capacity in villages and inadequate extension services and other agricultural support provisions; corruption and ineffective governance; relatively high illiteracy rates; and, entrenched gender discrimination. In addressing these issues, a new direction for rural development is necessary in South Africa which aims to commercialize small-scale agriculture. Political will and an appropriate policy framework along with land tenure reform are fundamental to this process. The two guiding principles should be smallholder innovation based on a learning-by-interaction model as well as inclusive value chain creation, predicated upon the empowerment of women, and this approach should incorporate both systemic and humanistic approaches to development.
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