현대몽골어와 한국어의 추측 양태표현의 통사적·의미적 특성 대조 연구

Abstract

Supposition is a form which illustrates an psychological attitude of speaker for certain situation. A basic form of supposition in Korean is mostly modal expresstion, such as ‘-겠-‘, ‘-ㄹ것이-’, ‘-ㄹ거-’, ‘—리-’, ‘-을 것 같-’, ‘-을 성싶-’, ‘-을 듯하-’. For Mongolian, one-to-one correspondence with four basic forms of Korean which are modal ending such as ‘-겠-‘, ‘-ㄹ것이-’, ‘-ㄹ거-’, ‘—리-’ is virtually impossible. However, preceding modifier which indicates a meaning of supposition in front of a sentence such as ‘лав’, ‘магад’, ‘бараг’, ‘яг’, ‘байх (аа)’, ‘юм байх, ‘-х бололтой’, ‘-х магадгүй’, ‘-х юм шиг байна’, ‘-х шинжтэй’, ‘байлгүй’, ‘маягтай’, ‘-х янзтай’, ‘-х байдалтай’, ‘-х йястай’, ‘-х хандлагатай’, ‘-х мэднэ’, ‘юм шиг байх’, ‘-аас зайлахгүй’, ‘-х таарна’, ‘- х учиртай’, ‘-х төлөвтэй’, ‘бодвол’, ‘бодоход’, ‘бодлоор’, ‘биз’, ‘-х болох юм’, ‘-х мэдэшгүй’, ‘биз дээ’, ‘байх даа’, ‘-х нь ээ’, ‘-х вий’, ‘шив’, ‘-х болзошгүй’, ‘-х магадгүй дэг’, ‘болов уу’, ‘-х юу даа’, ‘байж болох’, ‘-х болно’ and modal particle which is added to the back of a final ending are verified to be used as one-to-multi correspondence. Supposition modal expression in Korean is able to be divided into two forms. First one is an adverb of manner and second one is a modal expresstion which is composed of a grammatical collocation. However supposition modal expression in Mongolian is able to be divided into three forms. First one is a preceding modifier that indicates a meaning of supposition in front of a sentence. Second one is a post modifier that is indicates a meaning of supposition in the back of a sentence, and third one is an assistant verb that can be used with parallel auxiliary verbs connective suffix. This study attempts to compare and analyze the two languages in terms of syntactical and semantic feature in supposition modal expression. The purpose of the study is to investigate the commonalities and differences between two languages specifically by reviewing syntactical feature and semantic feature with comparing and analyzing syntactic functional difference. Preceding researches for modal expression of supposition in Korean are conducted by Song, Jae-mok(1998), Kang, Sin(2003), Lee, Yun-jin·No, Ji-ni(2003), Ahn, Joo-ho(2004), Choi, Jook-san(2014), Han, Jung-han·Jung, Hee-suk(2011). They explained semantic feature and syntactic feature of modal expression and modal adverb which compose a grammatical collocation. Kim, Ji-eun(1998) conducted the way of realization for modal in Korean by analyzing the feature of modal predicate, especially ① morphologic realization by ending and affix, ② syntactic realization by word order ③ lexical realization by verb, adjective, adverb, postposition, ④ realization by prosodic qualification through accent, intonation. On the other hand, major study about function of supposition modal particle and semantic feature by Mongolian scholars is study conducted by Мөнх-Амгалан, Ю.·Каншин(2014:306-315). Considering the classification list of supposition modal particle, each scholars has suggested it differently. But we can verify that researches on function of modal particle and semantic feature have been discussed widely in П.Бямбасан(1970:275), Ш.ЛувсанванданБ.Дэмчигдорж(1951:254), Ж.Төмөрцэрэн(1966:305), Ж.Цолоо(1989:200), М.Базаррагчаа(1987а:276), Г.Гантогтоох(1987:131-139), J.Street(1963:125), Poppe(1970:84-87), 淸格尒泰(1992:443-465), 頟尒德木圄(1992:378-390), including conjecture modifier discussed in Ц.Өнөрбаян(2004:226-231), A study by Ю.Мөнх-Амгалан(1998:315) defined modal expression of supposition as preceding modifier and post modifier separately. Also, the study explained degree of meaning conviction by eight types with various contexts: supposition based on truth, abstract supposition, supposition by judgement, supposition by verification, supposition after complete verification, supposition after incomplete verification, suspicion, a groundless supposition. Based on the researches which have conducted on supposition modal expression, this study reviews what kind of preceding component can be seen with supposition modal expression in syntactic perspective. This study also compares and analyzes how supposition modal expression is different each other in terms of semantic perspective, apart from common meaning. With this analysis, the study compares and analyzes modal expression in Mongolian in response to supposition modal expression in Korean. As a result, the study can draw a conclusion as follows. There is a way of realizing supposition modal expression in modern Mongolian and Korean. In korean, the way of realizing supposition modal expression is as follows: ① morphologic realization by ending and affix, ② syntactic realization by word order ③ lexical realization by verb, adjective, adverb, postposition, ④ realization by prosodic qualification through accent, intonation. In Mongolian, however, the way of realizing supposition modal expression is as follows: ① a group of assistant verb which is only limited to two word, “мэдэх, таарах” ② four types of preceding modifier which indicates a meaning of supposition in front of a sentence, ③ foutreen types of modal particle which is added to the back of a final ending. Therefore, we can verify that it is not possible for one-to-one correspondence, but possible for one-to-multi correspondence between Mongolian and Korean in the way of realizing supposition modal expression.