사하라 이남 아프리카 사회적 기업가 정신의 실현 환경에 대한 탐색적 연구
A Critical Discourse on ‘Social Enterprise for Socio-Economic Development’ in Sub-Saharan Africa
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초록
선행연구 검토에서 살펴 본 아프리카 사회적 기업의 성장과 발전 그리고 사회경제적 국가 발전 과정에서의 기여 등을 위한 도전과제들에 대한 비교 연구와 더불어 현재 존재하고 기능하는 아프리카 사회적 기업의 지속가능성에 실증적이고 경험적인 연구는 매우 소수에 불과하다. 사회적기업의 지속가능성과 관련된 기존 연구는 이론적·선험적 연구에만 집중되어 있고, 이로 인하여 지속가능성의 주요 요인을 명확하게 규명하지 못하고 있다. 하지만 본 연구는 선행연구 분석 중심의 탐색적 학습을 통해 아프리카 사회적 기업의 성장과 발전, 그리고 국가경제 및 사회경제적 이익의 실현이라는 목적을 동시에 달성하는 기능의 확보를 위한 몇 가지 중요한 연구방향을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 아프리카 사회적 기업의 생성 기반이자 지속가능발전의 가장 중요한 요소인 사회적 자본에 대한 실증적 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, 이러한 사회적 자본 특성의 연구는 외부 자원의존의 정도가 과도하게 높은 아프리카 사회적 기업의 단계적 발전을 위한 전략에 대한 시사점을 던져 줄 것이므로 이를 바탕으로 한 자원의존성 축소에 대한 대안적 연구가 가능하다. 셋째, BOP 이론을 중심으로 한 시장 확대 논리와 순수 사회경제적 이익 창출 논리라는 경쟁적 논쟁을 넘어, 아프리카 국가별 사회적 기업 환경에 대한 제도와 문화의 다양성을 전제로 한 비교연구가 필요하다. 마지막으로 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 저개발지역 전반의 국가들과의 비교연구를 통해 개도국 사회적 기업의 발전 방향에 대한 전략의 제시가 필요하다. 특히 투자 형 외부의존 자원과 순수한 인도주의 기반 외부 지원의 자본 유입 과정에서 현장 정보와 환경 여건이 고려된 사전 준비 협의제도와 기구의 설립에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 할 것으로 판단한다.
Abstract
This research purports to examine the contextual influences on emergence and development of social enterprises in the sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the research is to understand the debating issues around social entrepreneurship and social enterprises firstly by highlighting specificities of social capital in the continent as one of the key contextual influences on social enterprises. It is believed to be an critical asset for understanding and clarify important definitional issues in the field. Doing this, the study can predict with regards of the impact of colonial history and its legacy, tendency of resource-dependency on external factors including institutions, cultures and capital. Lastly, in conclusion the result of the analysis on the topic is culminated into several key subjects for further research of the area with experimental studies.
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