上海 廣方言館과 중국 근대교육

Abstract

Shanghai Guang-fang-yan-guan founded in 1863 by Li Hung-zhang( 李鴻璋) was the symbol of the modern Western education, together with Bei-jing Tong-wen-guan (北京 同文館) set up in 1862. The main goal of this academy was to train students not for translators but for administrators capable to perform important national polices, and besides western languages, mathematics was valued highly, which were advocated by Li Hung-zhang.Opened with only one department of English of 40 students, Shanghai Guang-fang-yan-guan included later departments of French, German, Mathematics, and Astronomy. Unlike Bei-jing Tong-wen-guan, applicants were limited only to Chinese proficient in Classics, and the young people of the Eight Flags were excluded. To meet the trend of the Traditional Examination is above everything, the students were granted scholarships, but the number was around 40.The three-year term of study was not observed strictly, because the students still remained who had completed courses but been able to seek suitable jobs. Not only it oppressed the limited finance of the institute, but also made impossible the regular selection of new students. No organized curriculum and no concrete quality of education is said to be one of deficiencies of this Western-style school. Strict observance of various regulations was required of students, but they enjoyed considerable privileges. They were provided with scholarships and free tuition and free boarding. To make the matter better, they were given the degree―the qualification for Traditional Examination and the opportunity to hold offices in the government without applying for Traditional Examination.