내셔널 아이덴티티를 찾아서：20세기 중국의 ‘黃帝’와 ‘中華民族’만들기

Abstract

National identity is the relationship between nation and state that obtains when the people of that nation identify with the state. But, no collective identities remain construct over time and all are contested, reinvented or abandoned.This article focused on the construction of national identity during the first decade of the twentieth century, especially with emphasis on the discourse of 'Yellow Emperor' of the anti-Manchurian revolutionaries.In the Records of the History(『史記』 ), the ancient historian Sima Qian(司馬遷) began his account of ancient history with the Yellow Emperor.The myth of blood was further sealed by the turn of the century when the revolutionaries created a national symbol out of the Yellow Emperor. Liu Shipei(劉師培), one of the most influential nationalist intellectuals, advocated the introduction of a calendar in which the foundation year corresponded to the birth of the Yellow Emperor. Furthermore, Zhang Binglin(章炳麟) constructed the notion of the 'Han race-lineage'(漢族) as the power-welding people of the Chinese nation.The issue of national identity is especially relevant to the case of China, given its abiding concern for cultural and political integrity. The political boundaries of the People's Republic of China today still approximately correspond to the boundaries achieved by the Qing(淸) Empire in the nineteeth century. For the preservation of territory from the Qing empire, post-Mao's China also made use of the Yellow Emperor as a symbol of the integration.