朝鮮初期 議政府堂上官硏究

Abstract

There are three high state councillors including the Younguijung, Jwauijung and Uuijung, two second level state councillors as Jwachansung and Uchansung and two third level state councillors as Jwachamchan and Uchancham among the member of the State Council(Uijungbu) under which all the other bureaucrats work at the early age of the Chosun dynasty. The posts of the state councillors (Dangsanggwan) were established with transforming the Privy Council (Topyonguisasa) into a State Council and instituting fourteen posts under the Panmunhwabusa, Munhwajwajungseung, Munhwaujungseong at the second year of King Jungjong. And the posts were set up as Yonguijungbusa(the former first high state councillor), Jwauijung (the second high state councillor) and Uuijung(the third high state councillor), Jwachansung and Uchansung, and Jwachamchan and Uchancham in the 19th year of King Sejong after their several modifications. Especially, Younguijongbusa was renamed as Younguijung at the Kyungkukdajeon. The members(Dangsangkwan) of the State Council were commonly those who had passed the civil service examination and whose fathers or grandfathers had occupied the official post higher than the second grade. As a rule, the one grade lower state councillors of the State Council were promoted to the high state councillors and the second and the third level state councillors were promoted to the first grade official post. The three high state councillors played an important role in deciding important matters of state with directing the State Council, assisted by the second level state councillors such as Jwachamchan et Uchamchan and by the third level state councillors such as Jwachansung et Uchansung and with directing the six ministries. During the period of the second year of Jeongjong-13th year of Taejong and 18th year of Sejong-third year of Danjong, the State Council led discussion and decision of national matters with directing the six ministries based upon the support of King. And during the period of 14th year of Taejong-17th year of Sejong and first year of Sejo-25th year of Sungjong, it played important role in spite of six ministries' directing the management of state matters. The second level state councillors whose function and the king’s support stayed at lower level than those of the three high state councillors provided a basis to assure the role of the State Council at any time as the supreme organ of determining matters of state. In summary, at the early age of the Chosun dynasty three level state councillors with good personal dignity, good learning, statecraft and king' support led the discussion and decision of national matters with directing the six ministeries or played important influences on the state matters. Based upon these roles, they were the government service central to the management of state matters among the posts of the first rank official, second rank official and first rank vice official.