고고자료로 본 신라의 강릉지역 진출과 루트
The Route and Advance of Silla to Gangneung Area Judged from Archaeological Resources
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This paper examined archaeological resources that discuss how Silla entered the Gangneung area, the coastal region along the East Sea that has been excavated most actively. Silla expanded its territories while organizing the its system as an ancient state and acquired several independent townships in various regions, stretching its forces to the East Sea area faster than any other ancient states of the time. In particular, many early relics and heritages of Silla have been found in Gangneung, the center of the East Sea area. Many archaeological resources prove these circumstances of that time and provide brief texts that are valuable for our interpretation of historical facts. In this respect, it was possible for me to examine these resources to answer my question as to why early relics and heritages of Silla are found in the Gangneung area. Based on my research on Silla’s advancement into the Gangneung area, I have acquired the following results : First, when did Silla first stretched its forces to the Gangneung area? I determined that Silla first entered the Gangneung area at the fourth quarter of the 4th Century. According to historical texts, Gangneung was already under Silla’s rule in the 42nd year(397) of King Namul. Archaeological resources also support this fact as long-legged vessels at Kwandong University Museum and in Hasi-dong have been the earliest vessels of Silla found in the Gangneung area(fourth quarter of the 4th Century). Second, why did Silla aim to advance into the Gangneung area so early in its history? The Yeongdong area in the Era of the Three Empires was the gateway to advanced cultures of the north. As Gangneung was the center of the Yeongdong area, Silla needed to gain control of this area to exchange with more advanced empires, such as China and Goguryeo. As Yeguk, the primitive state that had been ruling Gangneung was not very prosperous and the East Sea route had already been formed, it was relatively easy for Silla to stretch into the Gangneung Area. Territorial expansion was essential, of course. Third, which route did Silla mostly take to march toward the Gangneung area? I considered two types of routes: land route and sea route. As the land route required Silla to head northwest through Gyeongju - Yeongcheon - Euiseong - Andong - Yeongju - Jeongseon and east to Samcheok and Gangneung, Silla used the northern sea route through Pohang - Yeongdeok - Uljin - Samcheok - Gangneung - Yangyang - Goseong - Anbyeon - Iwon. This sea route was situated along the coastline and was geographically open to transportation. I also suggested a secondary route through which Silla might have headed toward Pohang from the Gyeongju basin to conquer Yeongilman Bay and head to Gangneung on ships. Also, it seems that Silla headed to Ulleungdo, which is right off the shores of Gangneung, to conquer Usanguk and gain full control of the East Sea.
Abstract
This paper examined archaeological resources that discuss how Silla entered the Gangneung area, the coastal region along the East Sea that has been excavated most actively. Silla expanded its territories while organizing the its system as an ancient state and acquired several independent townships in various regions, stretching its forces to the East Sea area faster than any other ancient states of the time. In particular, many early relics and heritages of Silla have been found in Gangneung, the center of the East Sea area. Many archaeological resources prove these circumstances of that time and provide brief texts that are valuable for our interpretation of historical facts. In this respect, it was possible for me to examine these resources to answer my question as to why early relics and heritages of Silla are found in the Gangneung area. Based on my research on Silla’s advancement into the Gangneung area, I have acquired the following results : First, when did Silla first stretched its forces to the Gangneung area? I determined that Silla first entered the Gangneung area at the fourth quarter of the 4th Century. According to historical texts, Gangneung was already under Silla’s rule in the 42nd year(397) of King Namul. Archaeological resources also support this fact as long-legged vessels at Kwandong University Museum and in Hasi-dong have been the earliest vessels of Silla found in the Gangneung area(fourth quarter of the 4th Century). Second, why did Silla aim to advance into the Gangneung area so early in its history? The Yeongdong area in the Era of the Three Empires was the gateway to advanced cultures of the north. As Gangneung was the center of the Yeongdong area, Silla needed to gain control of this area to exchange with more advanced empires, such as China and Goguryeo. As Yeguk, the primitive state that had been ruling Gangneung was not very prosperous and the East Sea route had already been formed, it was relatively easy for Silla to stretch into the Gangneung Area. Territorial expansion was essential, of course. Third, which route did Silla mostly take to march toward the Gangneung area? I considered two types of routes: land route and sea route. As the land route required Silla to head northwest through Gyeongju - Yeongcheon - Euiseong - Andong - Yeongju - Jeongseon and east to Samcheok and Gangneung, Silla used the northern sea route through Pohang - Yeongdeok - Uljin - Samcheok - Gangneung - Yangyang - Goseong - Anbyeon - Iwon. This sea route was situated along the coastline and was geographically open to transportation. I also suggested a secondary route through which Silla might have headed toward Pohang from the Gyeongju basin to conquer Yeongilman Bay and head to Gangneung on ships. Also, it seems that Silla headed to Ulleungdo, which is right off the shores of Gangneung, to conquer Usanguk and gain full control of the East Sea.
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