파시스트 이탈리아의 엘리트 갈등과 국가 구성- 토리노의 파시스트들과 기업가들, 1922-1929 -
Elite Conflict and State-Formation in Fascist Italy - Fascists and Industrialists in Turin, 1922-1929 -
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This article attempts to analyze the relationship between fascists and industrialists in the 1920s Turin under the fascist rule from a perspective of elite conflict and state-formation. Central to this analysis is the complex and shifting relation of forces among fascist government, local fascists and local industrialists. Turin industrialists tried to maintain the good relationship with Mussolini’s government, in so far as he could control local extreme fascists. In doing so, they came to terms with fascism through the so-called mussolinismo. Meanwhile, fascist extremists and fascist syndicalists in Turin, adhering to fascist ideals, continued to conflict with industrialists, on condition that they ought to obey Mussolini’ government. Mussolini, in turn, performed political acrobatics between fascist rank and file and the old economic elites in search for the reinforcement of his own dictatorial power, understanding his unique position as a head of government and at the same time a captain of fascism. The sudden declines of Riccardo Gualino and Paolo Mazzonis, of course, may be a good case to illustrate that Mussolini was sometimes hostile to non-conformist industrialists, although he had an inclination for big business as shown well in case of Giovanni Agnelli. To sum up, these elite conflicts in the 1920s Turin, it seems at least after 1926, converged to the process by which bureaucratic state authority would be supreme and the fascist party would be subordinate.
Abstract
This article attempts to analyze the relationship between fascists and industrialists in the 1920s Turin under the fascist rule from a perspective of elite conflict and state-formation. Central to this analysis is the complex and shifting relation of forces among fascist government, local fascists and local industrialists. Turin industrialists tried to maintain the good relationship with Mussolini’s government, in so far as he could control local extreme fascists. In doing so, they came to terms with fascism through the so-called mussolinismo. Meanwhile, fascist extremists and fascist syndicalists in Turin, adhering to fascist ideals, continued to conflict with industrialists, on condition that they ought to obey Mussolini’ government. Mussolini, in turn, performed political acrobatics between fascist rank and file and the old economic elites in search for the reinforcement of his own dictatorial power, understanding his unique position as a head of government and at the same time a captain of fascism. The sudden declines of Riccardo Gualino and Paolo Mazzonis, of course, may be a good case to illustrate that Mussolini was sometimes hostile to non-conformist industrialists, although he had an inclination for big business as shown well in case of Giovanni Agnelli. To sum up, these elite conflicts in the 1920s Turin, it seems at least after 1926, converged to the process by which bureaucratic state authority would be supreme and the fascist party would be subordinate.
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