예이츠의 『연옥』(Purgatory): 고딕 재현과 반(反)영웅주의
Yeats's Purgatory: Gothic Representation and Anti-heroic theme
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Purgatory includes as its main themes Yeats’s feeling of crisis and anxiety as an Anglo-Irish who was alienated from the Irish society, his skeptical view of the modern Ireland which was seeking after materialism and his predilection for eugenic thought. In Purgatory, Yeats reveals those representative themes of his later writing using the conventions of Gothic: for instance, the supernatural modes such as the transgression of the ancestors, whose tragic result affects the present, the ruined house, wild landscape, and the ghosts, the theme of ‘life in death’ and ‘the death in life’, the opposition of nature and culture and the Freudian psychological characteristics such as ‘the return of the repressed’ and ‘the uncanny.’ This paper aims to analyse how Yeats borrows and modifies those traditional Gothic conventions to convey his themes in a more effective and impressive way and to finally argue that Yeats came to be skeptical about the heroic theme and its representation. Yeats places the old man as a narrator who speaks for his thoughts, but at the same time he puts him as an unreliable narrator and shows us his limitation. Here arises irony, through which Yeats reconsiders his heroic theme that he has insisted throughout his lifetime. Through the old man’s failure to save his mother from her repeated pain of purgatory and his consequent helplessness, Yeats reveals the anti-heroic theme.
Abstract
Purgatory includes as its main themes Yeats’s feeling of crisis and anxiety as an Anglo-Irish who was alienated from the Irish society, his skeptical view of the modern Ireland which was seeking after materialism and his predilection for eugenic thought. In Purgatory, Yeats reveals those representative themes of his later writing using the conventions of Gothic: for instance, the supernatural modes such as the transgression of the ancestors, whose tragic result affects the present, the ruined house, wild landscape, and the ghosts, the theme of ‘life in death’ and ‘the death in life’, the opposition of nature and culture and the Freudian psychological characteristics such as ‘the return of the repressed’ and ‘the uncanny.’ This paper aims to analyse how Yeats borrows and modifies those traditional Gothic conventions to convey his themes in a more effective and impressive way and to finally argue that Yeats came to be skeptical about the heroic theme and its representation. Yeats places the old man as a narrator who speaks for his thoughts, but at the same time he puts him as an unreliable narrator and shows us his limitation. Here arises irony, through which Yeats reconsiders his heroic theme that he has insisted throughout his lifetime. Through the old man’s failure to save his mother from her repeated pain of purgatory and his consequent helplessness, Yeats reveals the anti-heroic theme.
참고문헌 (19)
- 윤기호, "예이츠 희곡의 완성: <연옥> 연구", 한국 예이츠 저널, (23), pp.95~116 (2005), 한국예이츠학회
- Backus, Margot Gayle, "The Gothic Family Romance: Heterosexuality, Child Sacrifice, and the Anglo-Irish Colonial Order" (1999), Duke UP
- Bayer-Berenbaum, Linda, "The Gothic Imagination: Expansion in Gothic Literature and Art" (1982), Associated UP
- Botting, Fred, "Gothic" (1996), Routledge
- Cave, Richard Allen, "Commentaries and Notes in: W. B. Yeats: Selected Plays", pp.374~379
- Cullingford, Elizabeth Butler, "Gender and History in Yeats’s Love Poetry" (1996), Syracuse UP
- Deane, Seamus, "Celtic Revivals: Essays in Modern Irish Literature" (1985), Faber and Faber
- Eagleton, Terry, "Heathcliff and the Great Hunger" (1995), Verso
- Eliot, T. S., "On Poetry and Poets" (1957), Faber and Faber
- Howes, Marjorie, "Yeats’s Nations: Gender, Class and Irishness" (1996), Cambridge UP
- Jeffares, A. Norman, "A New Commentary on the Poems of W. B. Yeats" (1984), Macmillan
- McCormack, W. J., "From Burke to Beckett: Ascendancy and Tradition and Betrayal in Literary History" (1994), Cork Up
- Torchiana, Donald T., "Purgatory in: Modern Irish Drama", pp.423~430
- Wright, Elizabeth, "Feminism and Psychoanalysis: A Critical Dictionary" (1998), Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
- Yeats, W. B., "Purgatory in: W. B. Yeats: Selected Plays", Penguin Books
- Yeats, W. B., "The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats" (1969), Macmillan
- Yeats, W. B., "Essays and Introductions" (1961), Macmillan
- Yeats, W. B., "Explorations" (1962), Collier Books
- Yeats, W. B., "A Vision" (1937), Macmillian