“날마다 자라는 불행”: 근세 초 잉글랜드 결투문화의 대두
“A Mischeefe that Groweth Every Day”: the Rise of Duelling Culture in Early Modern England
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The duel of honour had Italian origin. It was introduced into England in the late sixteenth century as a code of honour for the upper class. It became increasingly popular in England, as most of the English gentlemen as well as the nobility seen it highly commendable concept for their social status. However, the way the duel of honour practiced was not entirely disconnected from the medieval costumes of the judicial combat and the chivalric combat. The English cultural situation in the late sixteenth century also made the English accommodation of the modern duel distinctive from the continent, notably France. The duel of honour was different from the judicial combat and the chivalric combat in many ways. The judicial combat and the chivalric combat were officially sanctioned and presided by officially appointed Judges, while the duel of honour had always been illegal and private. However, these differences does not necessarily mean they had some common characters. The weapons were quite different as well. Both contain highly ritual ceremonies and exclusive elitism. Both try to settle matters down between two persons. The point of honour came always from other matters of interest, never risen from honour itself. These resemblances and old customs cannot be used as evidence that the judicial combat and the chivalric combat had been replaced by the duel of honour. But they had been a fertile background for the introduction of the modern duel. The duel of honour had been introduced in competition with the traditional English marshal arts which had long been practiced. As the duel with rapiers became popular, the resistance of traditional masters of arms and the antagonism against Italian culture also became strong. Nevertheless the elitism of the English gentlemen had much bigger role than the English patriotism. The rise of the duel of honour came as a part of the upper class culture.
Abstract
The duel of honour had Italian origin. It was introduced into England in the late sixteenth century as a code of honour for the upper class. It became increasingly popular in England, as most of the English gentlemen as well as the nobility seen it highly commendable concept for their social status. However, the way the duel of honour practiced was not entirely disconnected from the medieval costumes of the judicial combat and the chivalric combat. The English cultural situation in the late sixteenth century also made the English accommodation of the modern duel distinctive from the continent, notably France. The duel of honour was different from the judicial combat and the chivalric combat in many ways. The judicial combat and the chivalric combat were officially sanctioned and presided by officially appointed Judges, while the duel of honour had always been illegal and private. However, these differences does not necessarily mean they had some common characters. The weapons were quite different as well. Both contain highly ritual ceremonies and exclusive elitism. Both try to settle matters down between two persons. The point of honour came always from other matters of interest, never risen from honour itself. These resemblances and old customs cannot be used as evidence that the judicial combat and the chivalric combat had been replaced by the duel of honour. But they had been a fertile background for the introduction of the modern duel. The duel of honour had been introduced in competition with the traditional English marshal arts which had long been practiced. As the duel with rapiers became popular, the resistance of traditional masters of arms and the antagonism against Italian culture also became strong. Nevertheless the elitism of the English gentlemen had much bigger role than the English patriotism. The rise of the duel of honour came as a part of the upper class culture.
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