20세기 초, 독일선교사들의 한국종교 이해- 상트 오틸리엔 선교지 Die Missionsblätter von St. Ottilien 을 중심으로 -
The German Missionaries’ Understanding of the Korean Religion (1909-1949) - An Analysis of Die Missionsblätter von St. Ottilien -
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Religion has been a foremost important matter, in which the European Christian missionaries, facing the others from the so called uncivilized area, were immediately interested. On the other hand it impressed the first image of the imperialistic encroachment to the indigenous people. How did the westerners understand the traditional religion of Korea? The answer to this question will give some clues for the understanding of first phase of the Korea’s opening to the outer world. Herewith I analyzed the reports of German Benedictine missionaries from the order of St. Ottilien who continued the missionary works from 1909 to 1949. This investigation is concentrated on the peculiar attitudes of German missionaries to the traditional culture of Korea and the various aspects of indigenous religion of Korea, which were focused by their eyes. The German Benedictines, conscious of their identity as monk and missionary, took a careful approach to the traditional culture and religion of Korea. The German missionaries held a friendly attitude toward Buddhism, in which they found a great number of similarities to their European monastic tradition. It came out from their self-consciousness of their own identity as Benedictine monks as well as missionaries. However they also criticized some elements of superstition mixed in Korean Buddhist rituals and the weak self-consciousness of Korean Buddhist monks for their populistic approach to the religion. On the various forms of folklore (popular belief) they tended as a whole to withhold a definitive judgement in spite of some individual differences. Rather they gave some positive meanings to the folklore where they saw the manifestation of phantasy to translate the toil and strictness of life into the amusing entertainment and customs. A great number of texts in MBO revealed vividly concrete aspects of popular distrusts or consents to the Modernity which are treated vaguely in the existing historical studies. The missionaries thought that the religious mind of Koreans and its manifestation were rooted in the ‘sense of fear’. There were some degree of balance between the approach of missionaries to the indigenous pagans (Koreans) and that of Korean people to the missionaries. They were each other not so obstinate and infatuated. (Gyengbuk University / jeanned@hanmail.net)
Abstract
Religion has been a foremost important matter, in which the European Christian missionaries, facing the others from the so called uncivilized area, were immediately interested. On the other hand it impressed the first image of the imperialistic encroachment to the indigenous people. How did the westerners understand the traditional religion of Korea? The answer to this question will give some clues for the understanding of first phase of the Korea’s opening to the outer world. Herewith I analyzed the reports of German Benedictine missionaries from the order of St. Ottilien who continued the missionary works from 1909 to 1949. This investigation is concentrated on the peculiar attitudes of German missionaries to the traditional culture of Korea and the various aspects of indigenous religion of Korea, which were focused by their eyes. The German Benedictines, conscious of their identity as monk and missionary, took a careful approach to the traditional culture and religion of Korea. The German missionaries held a friendly attitude toward Buddhism, in which they found a great number of similarities to their European monastic tradition. It came out from their self-consciousness of their own identity as Benedictine monks as well as missionaries. However they also criticized some elements of superstition mixed in Korean Buddhist rituals and the weak self-consciousness of Korean Buddhist monks for their populistic approach to the religion. On the various forms of folklore (popular belief) they tended as a whole to withhold a definitive judgement in spite of some individual differences. Rather they gave some positive meanings to the folklore where they saw the manifestation of phantasy to translate the toil and strictness of life into the amusing entertainment and customs. A great number of texts in MBO revealed vividly concrete aspects of popular distrusts or consents to the Modernity which are treated vaguely in the existing historical studies. The missionaries thought that the religious mind of Koreans and its manifestation were rooted in the ‘sense of fear’. There were some degree of balance between the approach of missionaries to the indigenous pagans (Koreans) and that of Korean people to the missionaries. They were each other not so obstinate and infatuated. (Gyengbuk University / jeanned@hanmail.net)
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