나사니엘 호손의 시와 단상(斷想)에 나타난 자연 묘사: 자연 의인화 기법과 그 메시지
A Description of Nature in the Poems and Notes of Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Technique of Nature Personification and its Message
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This paper attempts to unearth a description of nature in the poems and notes of Nathaniel Hawthorne, a nineteenth-century American writer, focusing on a technique of nature personification and its message. The message the poet conveys through his poems by using the technique of nature personification can be divided into the following three categories: a) a warning against the corrupted human nature, b) reproach to social reformers seeking social reformation by changing only outward systems, neglecting the change of human minds, c) presentation of communal human relationship. Hawthorne's poems "Pigs Ⅱ," "Pigs Ⅲ," and "The Crow" display depraved human nature desiring merely physical wealth and easiness in the corporeal substance, through personifying pigs and crows; the poet divulges the situation of human beings not being able to communicate each other never feeling sympathy while pigs communicate feeling sympathy. His poem "Hawthorne as Agriculturist" blames the social reformers in nineteenth century America, depicting a transcendental heifer belonging to Margeret Fuller, which wants to make herself a ruler by hooking the other cows but finally is banished by her fellow cows from the company. Communal human relationship is described in Hawthorne's poem, "The Grape-Vines"; it exhibits the vines that catch hold of maples and alders to climb to the top. As the vines envelop the shrubs and cause a strange tangled confusion, the vine leaves and maple leaves ironically become a married couple against their will by the conjugal twine. The poet's real intention to employ a rhetorical technique of nature personification is to save humans who are isolated from human community, by making them look into their true inner selves and have the right relationship between nature and human beings.
Abstract
This paper attempts to unearth a description of nature in the poems and notes of Nathaniel Hawthorne, a nineteenth-century American writer, focusing on a technique of nature personification and its message. The message the poet conveys through his poems by using the technique of nature personification can be divided into the following three categories: a) a warning against the corrupted human nature, b) reproach to social reformers seeking social reformation by changing only outward systems, neglecting the change of human minds, c) presentation of communal human relationship. Hawthorne's poems "Pigs Ⅱ," "Pigs Ⅲ," and "The Crow" display depraved human nature desiring merely physical wealth and easiness in the corporeal substance, through personifying pigs and crows; the poet divulges the situation of human beings not being able to communicate each other never feeling sympathy while pigs communicate feeling sympathy. His poem "Hawthorne as Agriculturist" blames the social reformers in nineteenth century America, depicting a transcendental heifer belonging to Margeret Fuller, which wants to make herself a ruler by hooking the other cows but finally is banished by her fellow cows from the company. Communal human relationship is described in Hawthorne's poem, "The Grape-Vines"; it exhibits the vines that catch hold of maples and alders to climb to the top. As the vines envelop the shrubs and cause a strange tangled confusion, the vine leaves and maple leaves ironically become a married couple against their will by the conjugal twine. The poet's real intention to employ a rhetorical technique of nature personification is to save humans who are isolated from human community, by making them look into their true inner selves and have the right relationship between nature and human beings.
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