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Alienation and Return in Hawthorne’s Short Fiction
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This paper discusses Hawthorne’s attitudes toward the nature and outcomes of the isolation of artists, scientists, and common people as they are revealed in his short stories. First, the isolation of artists, that is aloofness from the community that characterizes the world of artists. It serves as an effective way for imaginative creation. Artists sometimes try to achieve the “home-return,” but their longing is often misguided. As a result, from Hawthorne’s perspective their alienation turns out to be inevitable. Second, scientists isolate themselves into dreams, which might be attributable to their desire for perfection that often lacks common sense. Scientists, victimized by their failure to make distinctions between illusion and reality, lead woman characters to death. Finally, Hawthorne emphasizes the effects of being away from home and being touched by the crowd. Such isolation and return are related to Hawthorne’s life and his attitudes toward brotherhood with sin. This represents a major characteristic of the American Adam in the physical world. In sum, Hawthorne embodies in his short fiction the double self of isolation and return in the modernizing of American society during the nineteenth century.
Abstract
This paper discusses Hawthorne’s attitudes toward the nature and outcomes of the isolation of artists, scientists, and common people as they are revealed in his short stories. First, the isolation of artists, that is aloofness from the community that characterizes the world of artists. It serves as an effective way for imaginative creation. Artists sometimes try to achieve the “home-return,” but their longing is often misguided. As a result, from Hawthorne’s perspective their alienation turns out to be inevitable. Second, scientists isolate themselves into dreams, which might be attributable to their desire for perfection that often lacks common sense. Scientists, victimized by their failure to make distinctions between illusion and reality, lead woman characters to death. Finally, Hawthorne emphasizes the effects of being away from home and being touched by the crowd. Such isolation and return are related to Hawthorne’s life and his attitudes toward brotherhood with sin. This represents a major characteristic of the American Adam in the physical world. In sum, Hawthorne embodies in his short fiction the double self of isolation and return in the modernizing of American society during the nineteenth century.
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