멜빌 소설에 나타난 자연과 문명: 휴머니즘과 카니발리즘
Nature and Civilization in the Romance of Herman Melville: Humanism and Cannibalism
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Abstract
Nature and Civilization in the Romance of Herman Melville: Humanism and CannibalismChangsuk KohConcentrating on Melville's major novels Redburn, White Jacket, Moby-Dick, and Billy Budd, Sailor this paper aims to define new realism and new humanism at the point of American cultural approaches by analyzing Melville's writing through which his social criticism, his view of humanity and civilization emerge.Most of Melville readers know that the writer's vision is complex; his literary world is vast, grotesque, and contains double meanings especially concerning humanism and civilization. Although he has a skeptical mind regarding social justice and conventional institutions, he tries to explore certain truisms of humanity. What he tries to identify as the true humanistic trait is shown through the contrast between nature and civilization, cannibalism and humanism. Their eclectic or harmonious relationships ultimately seem to suggest a new way of viewing humanity in our chaotic environment. Thus, implying a wickedness inexplicable through any appeal to environmental influences is, according to Melville, expressed as Plato's phrase, "Natural Depravity."Among the variety of natural depravities in the world, however, Melville seems to suggest that not only an awareness of self-worth is needed but also a balanced coexistence of self and the natural environment is required in order to arrive at a point of qualified humanist.
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