Whiteness in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Since the rise of critical whiteness studies in the 1990s, scholars from different disciplines have examined how whiteness has been defined, how whites view their white identity, how the ideology and power of whiteness have been supported, and so on. Scholars in American literature have contributed to critical whiteness studies as well. For instance, in Playing in the Dark (1992), Morrison demonstrates how 19th- and early 20th-century white writers constructed whiteness in their works. In addition, she offers a critical perspective on whiteness in A Mercy. In this paper, I examine how the novel challenges whiteness applying critical whiteness theories. To be more specific, I show that Morrison deconstructs the American foundational myth by offering counter-narratives; By presenting pre-racialized slavery, Morrison historizes how racial slavery was legalized for white dominance; Through the portrayal of white double consciousness of Jacob Vaark, Morrison examines the ways in which whites join the oppressive racial system; Regarding Rebekka, she describes the performance of white femininity in maintaining the racial hierarchy. The novel reveals whiteness through black slaves, Florens and her mother as well. By picturing black racial consciousness and their oppressed life, the novel shows the ways in which whiteness construes blackness.
Abstract
Since the rise of critical whiteness studies in the 1990s, scholars from different disciplines have examined how whiteness has been defined, how whites view their white identity, how the ideology and power of whiteness have been supported, and so on. Scholars in American literature have contributed to critical whiteness studies as well. For instance, in Playing in the Dark (1992), Morrison demonstrates how 19th- and early 20th-century white writers constructed whiteness in their works. In addition, she offers a critical perspective on whiteness in A Mercy. In this paper, I examine how the novel challenges whiteness applying critical whiteness theories. To be more specific, I show that Morrison deconstructs the American foundational myth by offering counter-narratives; By presenting pre-racialized slavery, Morrison historizes how racial slavery was legalized for white dominance; Through the portrayal of white double consciousness of Jacob Vaark, Morrison examines the ways in which whites join the oppressive racial system; Regarding Rebekka, she describes the performance of white femininity in maintaining the racial hierarchy. The novel reveals whiteness through black slaves, Florens and her mother as well. By picturing black racial consciousness and their oppressed life, the novel shows the ways in which whiteness construes blackness.
참고문헌 (31)
- Allen, Theodore W., "The Invention of the White Race, Vol. 2: The Origin of Racial Oppression in Anglo-America" (1997), Verso
- Babb, Valerie, "E Pluribus Unnum? The American Origins Narrative in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy", MELUS, 36(2), pp.147~164 (2011)
- Cash, Wilbur Joseph, "The Mind of the South" (1941), Vintage
- Delaney, David, "Race, Place, and the Law: 1836-1948" (1998), U of Texas P
- Du Bois, W. E. B., "The Souls of Black Folk" (2007), Oxford UP
- Dwyer, Owen J., "White Socio-Spatial Epistemology", Social & Cultural Geography, 1(2), pp.209~222 (2000)
- Dyer, Richard, "White Privilege: Essential Readings on the Other Side of Racism", pp.9~14 (2004), Worth P
- Findling, John E., "What Happened?: An Encyclopedia of Events That Changed America Forever. Vol. 1" (2011), ABC-CLIO
- Gallego-Durán, Mar, "Toni Morrison’s A Mercy: Critical Approaches", pp.103~118 (2011), Cambridge Scholars P
- Gustafson, Sandra M., "Projecting Early American Literary Studies: Introduction", Early American Literature, 45(2), pp.211~216 (2010)
- Harris, Cheryl L., "Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality", pp.75~89 (2003), Blackwell
- hooks, bell, "Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White", pp.38~53 (1998), Schocken
- Jennings, La Vinia Delois, "A Mercy: Toni Morrison Plots the Formation of Racial Slavery in Seventeenth-Century America", Callaloo, 32(2), pp.645~649 (2009)
- 구은숙, "사랑의 배반, 트라우마 서사와 주체 형성 —토니 모리슨의『자비』", 영어영문학, 57(5), pp.813~838 (2011), 한국영어영문학회
- 권혁미, "토니 모리슨의『 자비 』에서의 집을 향한 사유들", 미국소설, 19(2), pp.5~24 (2012), 미국소설학회
- 이승은, "미국 기원서사의 다시 쓰기: 토니 모리슨(Toni Morrison)의 『자비』(A Mercy)", 현대영미소설, 20(3), pp.489~522 (2013), 한국현대영미소설학회
- Miller, Cheryl, "Mine, Mine, Mine", Commentary, pp.62~64 (2009)
- Mills, Charles, "The Racial Contract" (1997), Cornell UP
- Montgomery, Maxine L., "Got on My Traveling Shoes: Migration, Exile, and Home in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy", Journal of Black Studies, 42(4), pp.627~637 (2011)
- Morrison, Toni, "A Mercy" (2008), Vintage International
- Morrison, Toni, "Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination" (1992), Harvard UP
- Rediker, Marcus, "The Slave Ship: A Human History" (2007), Penguin
- Roediger, David, "Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White" (1998), Schocken
- Roynon, Tessa, "Her Dark Materials: John Milton, Toni Morrison, and Concepts of ‘Dominion’ in A Mercy", African American Review, 44(4), pp.593~606 (2011)
- 사미옥, "미국 남부문학의 새로운 패러다임: 비판적 백인성 연구", 영어영문학연구, 57(3), pp.193~208 (2015), 한국중앙영어영문학회
- Strehle, Susan, "‘I Am a Thing Apart’: Toni Morrison, A Mercy, and American Exceptionalism", Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 54(2), pp.109~123 (2013)
- 신진범, "질병과 트라우마의 치유: 문학과 의학의 관점에서 읽는 토니 모리슨의 『자비』", 영어영문학연구, 57(3), pp.209~226 (2015), 한국중앙영어영문학회
- Updike, John, "Dreamy Wilderness: Unmastered Women in Colonial Virginia", The New Yorker, 84(35), pp.112~113 (2008)
- Vega-González, Susana, "Toni Morrison’s A Mercy: Critical Approaches", pp.119~135 (2011), Cambridge Scholars P
- Wardi, Anissa, "Toni Morrison’s A Mercy: Critical Approaches", pp.23~44 (2011), Cambridge Scholars P
- Watson, Veronica, "The Souls of White Folk: African American Writers Theorize Whiteness", pp.15~58 (2013), UP of Mississippi