Grotesque Visions of Racial Hierarchy and Southern Historicity in Flannery O’Connor’s “Revelation” and “Everything That Rises Must Converge”
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This essay examines the ongoing unfinished racial revolution in America. Despite the fact that Flannery O’Connor lived in the American South, many critics have overlooked her view of racial integration. Regardless of social context, regional struggles due to racism seem to be irrelevant to O’Connor’s works since she mainly deals with her characters’ religious realization at the stories’ ends. Nonetheless, beneath the narrative surface, O’Connor’s grotesque depictions revolve around the historical crisis regarding racial conflicts in the South immediately before the Civil Rights movement. O’Connor’s white characters’ attitudes toward their surroundings reveal the collective level of white Southerners’ responses to the racial upheavals in the mid-twentieth century. In this paper, I explore the historicity of heightened tension between whites and African Americans in O’Connor’s “Revelation” (1965) and “Everything That Rises Must Converge” (1965). This article analyzes how the Jim Crow South influences O’Connor’s writings and reversely shows how she responded to racial issues.
Abstract
This essay examines the ongoing unfinished racial revolution in America. Despite the fact that Flannery O’Connor lived in the American South, many critics have overlooked her view of racial integration. Regardless of social context, regional struggles due to racism seem to be irrelevant to O’Connor’s works since she mainly deals with her characters’ religious realization at the stories’ ends. Nonetheless, beneath the narrative surface, O’Connor’s grotesque depictions revolve around the historical crisis regarding racial conflicts in the South immediately before the Civil Rights movement. O’Connor’s white characters’ attitudes toward their surroundings reveal the collective level of white Southerners’ responses to the racial upheavals in the mid-twentieth century. In this paper, I explore the historicity of heightened tension between whites and African Americans in O’Connor’s “Revelation” (1965) and “Everything That Rises Must Converge” (1965). This article analyzes how the Jim Crow South influences O’Connor’s writings and reversely shows how she responded to racial issues.
참고문헌 (18)
- Alcott, Louisa May, "1863. Alternative Alcott", pp.1~73 (1995), Rutgers UP
- Budiansky, Stephen, "The Bloody Shirt: Terror After Appomattox" (2008), Viking
- Caron, Timothy P., "Inside the Church of Flannery O'Connor: Sacrament, Sacramental, and the Sacred in Her Fiction", pp.138~164 (2008), Mercer UP
- Crawford, Nicholas, "An Africanist Impasse: Race, Return, and Revelation in the Short Fiction of Flannery O'Connor", Southern Atlantic Review, 68(2), pp.1~25 (2003)
- Crawford, Vicki, "The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's Histor", pp.103~107 (1998), Houghton Mifflin
- Darretta, John Lawrence, "Before the Sun Has Set: Retribution in the Fiction of Flannery O'Connor" (2006), Peter Lang
- Foner, Eric, "Forever Free: The Story of Emancipation and Reconstruction" (2006), Vintage Books
- Fredrickson, George M., "The Arrogance of Race: Historical Perspectives on Slavery, Racism, and Social Inequality" (1988), Wesleyan UP
- Fredrickson, George M., "The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817-1914" (1971), Harper & Row
- Gillespie, Marcia, "The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History", pp.569~570 (1998), Houghton Mifflin
- Jaspin, Elliot, "Buried in the Bitter Waters: The Hidden History of Racial Cleansing in America" (2007), Basic Books
- ""Jim Crow Law." Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica" (2014)[URL]
- Nadal, Marita, "The Shadows of Time: Chronotopic Diversity and Ethical Unreadability in Flannery O'Connor's Tales", Papers on Language & Literature, 49(3), pp.273~295 (2013)
- O'Connor, Flannery, "Collected Works" (1988), The Library of America
- O'Connor, Flannery, "Mystery and Manners" (1969), Farrar, Straus and Giroux
- Skei, Hans, "Flannery O'Connor's Radical Reality", pp.138~148 (2006), U of South Carolina P
- Stowe, Harriet Beecher, "Uncle Tom's Cabin. 1852" (2010), W. W. Norton
- Wood, Ralph C., "Flannery O'Connor and the Christ-Haunted South" (2004), William B. Eerdmans