제럴드 비즈너의 『죽은 목소리』에 제시된 해체 공간
Deconstructed Space Suggested in Gerald Vizenor's Dead Voices
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Bertrand Westphal, a French geo-critic, asserts, “everything is now relative, even the absolute,” and thus “the ideas of unity, teleology, and a clear hierarchy of values are no longer conceivable.” He highlights the need to spatialize narrative time “enabling us to de-territorialize the stereotypical views of place and the illusion of permanence suggested by received wisdom and hegemonic discourses.” The central tenets of geo-criticism can be summed up in four propositions: geo-centrism, multi-focalization, poly-sensoriality, and stratigraphic perspective; fictional texts are to be taken as part of a body of evidence that will lead to a better understanding of the place. Geo-critical theories accurately illuminate the elusive but quint-essential significance of what Gerald Vizenor does with his Dead Voices which, focusing on the space rather than any specific observer, de-constructs homogeneous boundaries, reproducing all its possible heterogeneous complexity. In his Native American text, Vizenor achieves the geo-critical goal, to be open to the auditory, olfactory, and tactile dimensions of place and to develop a polyphonic or dialogical understanding of the place in question. To analyze Vizenor’s using ‘trickster’ and re-conceptualizing ‘family’ and ‘home’ by means of the story of the stone further vivifies the implication of de-constructed space in his fiction in the twenty first century academia. The geo-critical light lucidly discloses one of the key intent of Vizenor’s writing, to steer his readers as well as himself to peace and harmony beyond conflicts due to any artificial demarcation.
Abstract
Bertrand Westphal, a French geo-critic, asserts, “everything is now relative, even the absolute,” and thus “the ideas of unity, teleology, and a clear hierarchy of values are no longer conceivable.” He highlights the need to spatialize narrative time “enabling us to de-territorialize the stereotypical views of place and the illusion of permanence suggested by received wisdom and hegemonic discourses.” The central tenets of geo-criticism can be summed up in four propositions: geo-centrism, multi-focalization, poly-sensoriality, and stratigraphic perspective; fictional texts are to be taken as part of a body of evidence that will lead to a better understanding of the place. Geo-critical theories accurately illuminate the elusive but quint-essential significance of what Gerald Vizenor does with his Dead Voices which, focusing on the space rather than any specific observer, de-constructs homogeneous boundaries, reproducing all its possible heterogeneous complexity. In his Native American text, Vizenor achieves the geo-critical goal, to be open to the auditory, olfactory, and tactile dimensions of place and to develop a polyphonic or dialogical understanding of the place in question. To analyze Vizenor’s using ‘trickster’ and re-conceptualizing ‘family’ and ‘home’ by means of the story of the stone further vivifies the implication of de-constructed space in his fiction in the twenty first century academia. The geo-critical light lucidly discloses one of the key intent of Vizenor’s writing, to steer his readers as well as himself to peace and harmony beyond conflicts due to any artificial demarcation.
참고문헌 (26)
- Bańka, Ewelina, "Mapping Out (Post)Indian Country—Gerald Vizenor's Dead Voices", 30th American Indian Workshop. University of Bremen and Übersee Museum Bremen, Germany (2009)
- Barry, Nora Baker, "Postmodern Bears in the Work of Gerald Vizenor", MELUS, 27, pp.95~112 (2002)
- Blaeser, Kimberly M, "Gerald Vizenor: Writing in the Oral Tradition" (1996), U of Oklahoma P
- Hawley, Steven, "Making Metaphor Happen: Space, Time and Trickster Sign", The Arizona Quarterly, 64(2), pp.95~122 (2008)
- Mastro, Julia Elizabeth Ramaley, "Jules Verne's Textual Mapping: Plotting Geography", pp.2008
- Meyer, Amada, "A Place You Can Give a Name To: An Interview with Dr. Robert T. Tally Jr", Newfound: An Inquiry of Place, 4, pp.1~5 (2012)
- Momaday, N. Scott, "The Man Made of Words: Essays, Stories, Passages" (1997), St. Martin’s P
- McCaffery, Larry, "Head Water: An Interview with Gerald Vizenor", Chicago Review, 39(3, pp.4) (1993), 50~54
- McClinton-Temple, Jennifer, "Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature" (2013), Factson File
- Owens, Louis, "Other Destinies: Understanding the American Indian Novel" (1992), U of Oklahoma P
- Porter, Joy, "The Cambridge Companion to Native American Literature" (2005), Cambridge UP
- "Geocriticism Meets Ecocriticism: Bertrand Westphal and Environmental Thinking" (2015)[URL]
- Soja, Edward, "Writing the City Spatially", City, 7(3), pp.269~280 (2003)
- Tally, Robert T. Jr, "This Space that Gnaws and Claws at Us: Foucault, Cartographics, and Geocriticism", Épistémocritique: Litterature et Savoirs, IX, pp.1~18 (2011)
- Tally, Robert T. Jr, "Literary Cartographies: Spatiality, Representation, and Narrative" (2014), Palgrave Macmillan
- Teuton, Christopher B, "The Cycle of Removal and Return: A Symbolic Geography of Indigenous Literature", The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 29, pp.45~64 (2009)
- Vizenor, Gerald, "Dead Voices: Natural Agonies in the New World" (1992), U of Oklahoma P
- Vizenor, Gerald, "Interior Landscapes: Autobiographical Myths and Metaphors" (1990), U of Minnesota P
- Vizenor, Gerald, "Landfill Meditation: Crossblood Stories" (1991), Wesleyan UP
- Vizenor, Gerald, "Narrative Chance: Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literatures", pp.187~212 (1993), U of Oklahoma P
- Vizenor, Gerald, "Wordarrows: Indians and Whites in the New Fur Trade" (1978), U of Minnesota P
- Vizenor, Gerald, "Native Storiers" (2005), U of Nebraska P
- Ward, A. Joseph, "Prayers Shrieked to Heaven: Humor and Folklore in Contemporary American Indian Literature", Western Folklore, 56, pp.267~280 (1997)
- Westphal Bertrand, "Geocriticism: Real and Fictional Spaces" (2011), Palgrave Macmillan
- Wilson, Jonathan Max, "Native Spaces of Continuation, Preservation, and Belonging: Louise Erdrich’s Concepts of Home", pp.2008