레슬리 M. 실코의 『 죽은 자의 책력 』에 나타난 대항서사 - 시각적 수사를 통한 공간의 서사를 중심으로
Counter Narrative in Leslie M. Silko's Almanac of the Dead: Focusing on spatial narrative through visual rhetoric
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The World's Indigenous People classified as the Fourth World in the 1970s are the ones who are denied the benefits of the international doctrine of self-determination and who cannot fully regain access to lands. However, the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) gives them a greater chance to raise their voices for their own rights in the countries that they belong to as well as internationally. It is yet problematic in what sense these states are not likely to admit the right of self-determination for their indigenous peoples who still suffer the effects of imperial colonization. Therefore, this study explores Almanac of the Dead(1991), a novel by the Native American writer Leslie M. Silko, which anticipates, through Post-Colonial perspectives, the Preamble to UNDRIP. This study aims to investigate and visualize Indian spatial narrative, through counter narrative prisms that shed lights on imperialistic capitalism. In order to restore real Indian cultures, Silko embeds in her novel a storytelling that engages tribal peoples collectively in giving and accepting the events of their lives. So their stories are their histories. This study reveals who the original landowner of the Americas is through Indian space concepts such as negating boundary lines, Indian visual rhetoric, indigenous map making, and spiritual identity of a place. Unlike western culture, Indian cultures, including Mayans, say that letters and pictures are one. Intrigued by this, Silko seeks for those narratives of Almanac of the Dead to be like glyphs in a visual sense. So this study focuses on how to interweave the visual with the narratives, which in turn requires the readers to study the visual in the imagination, to read the visual into the written words. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that Silko's ultimate purpose is to regain the tribal lands, retrieving justice for the dead and the oppressed. For the tribal peoples, land is so organically linked with self and community that the loss of territory means a deprivation of psychic strength. So, retrieving land is urgent and imperative.
Abstract
The World's Indigenous People classified as the Fourth World in the 1970s are the ones who are denied the benefits of the international doctrine of self-determination and who cannot fully regain access to lands. However, the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) gives them a greater chance to raise their voices for their own rights in the countries that they belong to as well as internationally. It is yet problematic in what sense these states are not likely to admit the right of self-determination for their indigenous peoples who still suffer the effects of imperial colonization. Therefore, this study explores Almanac of the Dead(1991), a novel by the Native American writer Leslie M. Silko, which anticipates, through Post-Colonial perspectives, the Preamble to UNDRIP. This study aims to investigate and visualize Indian spatial narrative, through counter narrative prisms that shed lights on imperialistic capitalism. In order to restore real Indian cultures, Silko embeds in her novel a storytelling that engages tribal peoples collectively in giving and accepting the events of their lives. So their stories are their histories. This study reveals who the original landowner of the Americas is through Indian space concepts such as negating boundary lines, Indian visual rhetoric, indigenous map making, and spiritual identity of a place. Unlike western culture, Indian cultures, including Mayans, say that letters and pictures are one. Intrigued by this, Silko seeks for those narratives of Almanac of the Dead to be like glyphs in a visual sense. So this study focuses on how to interweave the visual with the narratives, which in turn requires the readers to study the visual in the imagination, to read the visual into the written words. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that Silko's ultimate purpose is to regain the tribal lands, retrieving justice for the dead and the oppressed. For the tribal peoples, land is so organically linked with self and community that the loss of territory means a deprivation of psychic strength. So, retrieving land is urgent and imperative.
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