『위대한 개츠비』: 구분 짓기 사회에서의 계층과 인종
The Great Gatsby: Class and Race in the Society of Distinction
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This paper analyzes the representation of class and race in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby with the help of some key concepts provided by Thorstein Veblen and Pierre Bourdieu. Veblen criticizes the conspicuous consumption of the leisure class in that the cultural hegemony of the upper class affects people of every ladder of social classes. Gatsby’s romantic dream to recover Daisy is frustrated by the hard malice of the upper class people who prohibit an outsider from joining their class. Gatsby is unaware of the significance of what Bourdieu calls cultural and other capitals which distinguish the upper class in terms of lifestyles. Nick, the narrator, assumes the role of explaining to the readers the subtle differences between the classes in terms of cultural tastes and social manners. In this novel, a nativist backlash against immigration is reflected in white characters’ prejudices against Jews and other immigrants. In particular, the metaphor of class tends to be interchangeable with that of race, as Tom represents the upstart Gatsby as a black who passes as white. While Nick evidently criticizes the class barriers in America, he betrays his own share of prejudices against the racial and ethnic minorities. Nick finally chooses to return to his Midwestern home, the region which is culturally and ethnically homogeneous in contrast to the multiracial and multiethnic New York.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the representation of class and race in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby with the help of some key concepts provided by Thorstein Veblen and Pierre Bourdieu. Veblen criticizes the conspicuous consumption of the leisure class in that the cultural hegemony of the upper class affects people of every ladder of social classes. Gatsby’s romantic dream to recover Daisy is frustrated by the hard malice of the upper class people who prohibit an outsider from joining their class. Gatsby is unaware of the significance of what Bourdieu calls cultural and other capitals which distinguish the upper class in terms of lifestyles. Nick, the narrator, assumes the role of explaining to the readers the subtle differences between the classes in terms of cultural tastes and social manners. In this novel, a nativist backlash against immigration is reflected in white characters’ prejudices against Jews and other immigrants. In particular, the metaphor of class tends to be interchangeable with that of race, as Tom represents the upstart Gatsby as a black who passes as white. While Nick evidently criticizes the class barriers in America, he betrays his own share of prejudices against the racial and ethnic minorities. Nick finally chooses to return to his Midwestern home, the region which is culturally and ethnically homogeneous in contrast to the multiracial and multiethnic New York.
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